黑料不打烊

艩iame profesinio bakalauro baigiamajame darbe analizuojami X ir S diapazon懦 laiv懦 radar懦 funkcionalumo skirtumai j奴r懦 navigacijoje. Tyrimas atliekamas modeliuojant konkret懦 reis膮 Aframax klas臈s 啪alios naftos tanklaiviu 鈥濫landra Tern" mar拧rutu Fud啪eira (Jungtiniai Arab懦 Emyratai) 鈥� Ulsanas (Piet懦 Kor臈ja). 艩i tema yra aktuali tod臈l, kad didelio tona啪o komerciniuose laivuose abiej懦 da啪nio juost懦 radarai eksploatuojami vienu metu, o tinkamas j懦 pasirinkimas atskiriems reiso etapams tiesiogiai veikia susid奴rim懦 prevencij膮, laivybos saugum膮 bei reiso ekonomik膮. Darbo tikslas 鈥� i拧analizuoti X ir S diapazon懦 radar懦 funkcionalumo skirtumus j奴r懦 navigacijoje. Darbe taikomi 拧ie metodai: lyginamoji radar懦 fizikini懦 parametr懦 analiz臈, mokslin臈s literat奴ros ap啪valga, mar拧ruto planavimo skai膷iavimai, navigacini懦 prietais懦 paklaid懦 vertinimas, laivo stovumo skai膷iavimai pagal IMO nepa啪eistos stovumo kodeks膮, kuro s膮naud懦 bei reiso ekonominis modeliavimas. Tiriamas objektas 鈥� j奴r懦 laiv懦 X (apie 9,4 GHz) ir S (apie 3 GHz) diapazon懦 navigaciniai radarai ir j懦 taikymas konkre膷iomis hidrometeorologin臈mis s膮lygomis. Pagrindiniai rezultatai parod臈, kad X diapazono radaras d臈l trumpesnio bangos ilgio pasi啪ymi geresne kampine rai拧ka ir didesniu ma啪懦 taikini懦, toki懦 kaip pl奴durai bei 啪vejybin臈s stiklo plasto valtel臈s, aptikimo nuotoliu, ta膷iau yra labai jautrus lietui: stiprioje 16 mm/h li奴tyje per 20 j奴rmyli懦 atstum膮 bendras kelio nuostolis siekia apie 49 dB. S diapazono radaras tose pa膷iose s膮lygose praranda tik apie 1,4 dB ir tod臈l i拧lieka esminis atogr膮啪懦 region懦 reisuose. Reisui Fud啪eira鈥揢lsanas, einan膷iam per Hormuzo, Malakos, Piet懦 Kinijos j奴ros ir Kor臈jos s膮siauri懦 rajonus su muson懦 li奴timis ir r奴ku, pademonstruota, kad abu radarai turi b奴ti naudojami vienu metu, skirtingomis nuotolio skal臈mis. Apskai膷iuotas reiso atstumas siekia 6044 j奴rmyles, trukm臈 鈥� apie 21 par膮 5 valandas, bendros kuro s膮naudos 鈥� apie 680 ton懦. Atliktas stovumo skai膷iavimas ir ekonominis vertinimas.

This professional bachelor's thesis analyzes the differences in the functionality of X- and S-band ship radars in maritime navigation. The study is conducted by modeling a specific voyage on the Aframax class crude oil tanker "Elandra Tern" on the route Fujairah (UAE) - Ulsan (S. Korea). This topic is relevant because on large-tonnage commercial ships, radars of both frequency bands are operated simultaneously, and their appropriate selection for individual stages of the voyage directly affects collision prevention, shipping safety and voyage economics. The aim of the work is to analyze the differences in the functionality of X- and S-band radars in maritime navigation. The following methods are used in the work: comparative analysis of radar physical parameters, review of scientific literature, route planning calculations, assessment of navigational instrument errors, ship stability calculations according to the IMO Intact Stability Code, fuel consumption and voyage economic modeling. The object of study is X (about 9.4 GHz) and S (about 3 GHz) band navigation radars of naval vessels and their application in specific hydrometeorological conditions. The main results showed that the X-band radar, due to its shorter wavelength, has better angular resolution and a longer detection range for small targets such as buoys and fiberglass fishing boats, but is very sensitive to rain: in a heavy rain of 16 mm/h over a distance of 20 nautical miles, the total path loss reaches about 49 dB. The S-band radar loses only about 1.4 dB under the same conditions and therefore remains essential for voyages in tropical regions. For the voyage Fujairah鈥揢lsan, passing through the areas of the Hormuz, Malacca, South China Sea and Korea Straits with monsoon rains and fog, it was demonstrated that both radars must be used simultaneously, at different range scales. The estimated voyage distance is 6,044 nautical miles, duration is approximately 21 days and 5 hours, total fuel consumption is approximately 680 tons. Stability calculations and economic evaluation have been performed.

Suskystint懦 naftos duj懦 (LPG) transportavimas yra svarbi pasaulin臈s j奴r懦 logistikos dalis. D臈l pavojing懦 LPG savybi懦, 寞skaitant degum膮 ir priklausomyb臋 nuo sl臈gio bei temperat奴ros, krovos operacijos reikalauja grie啪tos kontrol臈s ir konkre膷iam laivo tipui pritaikyt懦 proced奴r懦. Nepaisant galiojan膷i懦 tarptautini懦 taisykli懦, toki懦 kaip SOLAS ir IGC kodeksas, n臈ra vieningo po啪i奴rio 寞 krovos operacijas skirting懦 tip懦 LPG tanklaiviuose. 艩io baigiamojo darbo tyrimo problema yra nepakankamai ai拧kus supratimas, kaip laivo konstrukcija daro 寞tak膮 saugai, eksploatacin臈ms rizikoms ir ekonominiam efektyvumui krovos operacij懦 metu. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas 鈥� palyginti visi拧kai sl臈ginius, pusiau sl臈ginius ir visi拧kai 拧aldomus LPG tanklaivius saugos, eksploatacini懦 rizik懦, sud臈tingumo ir ekonomini懦 rodikli懦 po啪i奴riu. Tyrimo metodai apima tarptautini懦 taisykli懦 ir mokslin臈s literat奴ros analiz臋, laiv懦 tip懦 lyginam膮j膮 analiz臋 bei praktini懦 duomen懦, gaut懦 j奴rin臈s praktikos metu, panaudojim膮. Taip pat buvo taikomi eksploatacini懦 steb臈jim懦, navigacin臈s analiz臈s ir kuro s膮naud懦 skai膷iavim懦 metodai. Rezultatai rodo, kad laivo konstrukcija daro reik拧ming膮 寞tak膮 krovos proced奴roms. Visi拧kai sl臈giniai laivai yra paprastesni eksploatuoti, ta膷iau turi ribot膮 gabenam懦 krovini懦 spektr膮. Pusiau sl臈giniai laivai u啪tikrina didel寞 lankstum膮, ta膷iau reikalauja sud臈tingesn臈s kontrol臈s. Visi拧kai 拧aldomi laivai u啪tikrina stabilias krovinio s膮lygas ir yra tinkami didelio masto transportavimui, ta膷iau reikalauja didesni懦 energijos s膮naud懦.

The transportation of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) is important part of global maritime logistics. Due to the hazardous nature of LPG, including flammability and dependence on pressure and temperature, cargo handling requires strict control and vessel-specific procedures. Despite existing international regulations such as SOLAS and the IGC Code, there is no unified approach to cargo operations for different types of LPG carriers. The research problem of this thesis is the lack of clear understanding of how vessel design influences safety, operational risks and economic efficiency during cargo handling operations. The aim of the thesis is to compare fully pressurized, semi-pressurized and fully refrigerated LPG carriers from the perspective of safety, operational risks, complexity and economic performance. The research methods include analysis of international regulations and scientific literature, comparative analysis of vessel types, and use of practical data obtained during sea practice. Operational observations, navigation analysis and fuel consumption calculations were also applied. The results show that vessel design significantly affects cargo handling procedures. Fully pressurized vessels are simple in operation but limited in cargo range. Semi-pressurized vessels provide high flexibility but require more complex control. Fully refrigerated vessels ensure stable cargo conditions and are suitable for large-scale transportation but require higher energy consumption.

Auk拧t懦j懦 kolegini懦 studij懦 baigiam膮j寞 darb膮 sudaro: 78 puslapiai, 6 paveikslai, 33 lentel臈s, 93 literat奴ros pozicijos, 9 priedai. Darbo tema 鈥� GMDSS 寞rangos panaudojimo avariniais atvejais analiz臈 laive 鈥濵arco Polo". Darbe nagrin臈jamas Ro-Pax tipo keleivinio krovininio laivo 鈥濵arco Polo" reisas i拧 Kadiso (Ispanija) 寞 Ramsgeit膮 (Jungtin臈 Karalyst臈) 鈥� 1256,55 j奴rmyli懦 atstumas, 23 mar拧ruto ta拧k懦 trajektorija per Atlanto vandenyno ir Laman拧o s膮siaurio vandenis. Darbo tikslas 鈥� atlikti GMDSS 寞rangos panaudojimo avariniais atvejais analiz臋 laive 鈥濵arco Polo" bei pateikti praktines rekomendacijas, integruojant navigacin寞, ekonomin寞 ir saugos planavim膮.

The higher education college studies final thesis consists of 78 pages, 6 figures, 33 tables, 93 references, 9 appendices. The thesis topic is 'Analysis of GMDSS equipment use in emergency situations on board M/V Marco Polo'. The thesis examines a voyage of the Ro-Pax type passenger and cargo vessel M/V Marco Polo from C谩diz (Spain) to Ramsgate (United Kingdom) 鈥� a distance of 1256.55 nautical miles along a 23-waypoint trajectory through Atlantic Ocean and English Channel waters. The aim of the thesis is to analyse GMDSS equipment use in emergency situations on board M/V Marco Polo and to provide practical recommendations, integrating navigational, economic and safety planning.

Kubilius, A. (2026). Vidaus laivo apsaugos priemoni懦 efektyvumo vertinimas pagal ISPS kodekso reikalavimus: laivo 鈥濬riedrich Russ鈥� atvejo analiz臈: profesinio bakalauro baigiamasis darbas. Vadov臈 lekt. Milda Miltakyt臈. Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas. Lietuvos j奴reivyst臈s akademija. Klaip臈da. 艩iame profesinio bakalauro baigiamajame darbe vertinamas vidaus laivo apsaugos priemoni懦 efektyvumas pagal ISPS kodekso reikalavimus, remiantis RO-RO tipo laive 鈥濬riedrich Russ鈥� 寞vykusio nelegali懦 migrant懦 aptikimo incidento analize. Tema yra aktuali d臈l augan膷io nusikalstamumo j奴r懦 sektoriuje ir did臈jan膷ios laiv懦 apsaugos svarbos u啪tikrinant 寞gulos, krovinio ir paties laivo saugum膮. Darbo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti, ar laive taikytos kontrol臈s ir prevencin臈s priemon臈s atitiko ISPS kodekso reikalavimus ir proced奴ras. Darbe analizuojamas ISPS kodeksas kartu su FAL ir UNCLOS konvencijomis, nagrin臈jamos laivo technin臈s charakteristikos, atliekamas statinio stovumo skai膷iavimas, analizuojami Vigo鈥揕iverpulio reiso navigaciniai ypatumai bei pateikiamas kuro s膮naud懦 optimizavimo vertinimas. Tyrimo rezultatai parod臈, kad ISPS kodeksas i拧samiai reglamentuoja nelegali懦 migrant懦 situacijas, o FAL ir UNCLOS konvencijos papildomai apibr臈啪ia valstyb臈s jurisdikcij膮, humani拧ko elgesio ir repatriacijos principus. 漠gula i拧 esm臈s laik臈si ISPS reikalavim懦, ta膷iau buvo nustatyti proced奴riniai tr奴kumai: netinkamas radijo ry拧io naudojimas, nepatikrintas tre膷iasis denis ir nepakankama humanitarin臈 prie啪i奴ra. Did啪iausias nustatytas tr奴kumas buvo nepakankama krovinio patikra Vigo uoste. Apskai膷iuotas reiso atstumas siek臈 apie 807 j奴rmyles, o stovumo skai膷iavimai patvirtino atitikt寞 visiems IMO IS Code 2008 kriterijams. Ekonomin臈 analiz臈 parod臈, kad suma啪inus kuro s膮naudas 5鈥�15 %, b奴t懦 galima sutaupyti 263 120鈥�789 360 USD per metus.

Kubilius, A. (2026). Evaluation of the effectiveness of internal ship security measures in accordance with the ISPS Code requirements: case analysis of the vessel "Friedrich Russ": professional bachelor's thesis. Supervisor: lect. Milda Miltakyt臈. 黑料不打烊_独家黑料_吃瓜网51爆料. Lithuanian Maritime Academy. Klaip臈da. This professional bachelor鈥檚 thesis evaluates the effectiveness of internal ship security measures under the ISPS Code through a case study of the stowaway-discovery incident on board the RO-RO vessel 鈥淔riedrich Russ鈥�. The topic is relevant due to increasing criminal activity in the maritime sector and the growing importance of ship security for crew, cargo and vessel protection. The aim of the thesis is to assess whether the actions taken on board complied with ISPS requirements and procedures. The study analyses the ISPS Code together with the FAL and UNCLOS conventions, examines the vessel鈥檚 technical characteristics, performs a static stability calculation, analyses the Vigo-Liverpool voyage and presents a fuel-optimisation assessment. The results show that the ISPS Code comprehensively regulates stowaway situations, while FAL and UNCLOS define jurisdiction, humane treatment and repatriation. The crew generally complied with ISPS procedures, although shortcomings were identified, including improper radio communication, failure to inspect the third deck and insufficient humanitarian care. The most critical weakness was inadequate cargo screening at the Port of Vigo. The voyage distance was calculated at approximately 807 NM, and stability calculations confirmed compliance with IMO IS Code 2008 criteria. The economic analysis demonstrated that reducing fuel consumption by 5鈥�15% could save 263,120鈥�789,360 USD annually.

Baigiamajame profesinio bakalauro darbe analizuojamos biri懦 krovini懦 laiv懦 trium懦 paruo拧imo proced奴ros, skirtos saugiam biri懦 krovini懦 gabenimui. Darbe nagrin臈jama, kaip tinkamas trium懦 valymas, plovimas, d啪iovinimas, 拧ulini懦 patikra, liuk懦 dang膷i懦 b奴kl臈 ir galutin臈 ap啪i奴ra daro 寞tak膮 krovinio saugai, tar拧os prevencijai, pakrovimo proceso patikimumui ir galim懦 pretenzij懦 ma啪inimui. Teorin臈je dalyje aptariami pagrindiniai tarptautiniai reikalavimai ir praktiniai trium懦 paruo拧imo principai. Praktin臈je dalyje analizuojamas M/V 鈥濭REEK SEAS鈥� reisui i拧 Damietos 寞 Roterdam膮 taikomas atvejis, gabenant klinkerio krovin寞. Darbe taip pat 寞vertinami navigaciniai, stabilumo ir ekonominiai aspektai bei nustatomi pagrindiniai rizikos veiksniai, susij臋 su netinkamu trium懦 paruo拧imu. Tyrimo rezultatai parod臈, kad sistemingas ir kontroliuojamas trium懦 paruo拧imas suma啪ina krovinio u啪ter拧imo, dr臈gm臈s poveikio, pakrovimo v臈lavim懦 ir komercini懦 nuostoli懦 rizik膮.

The final professional bachelor thesis analyses cargo hold preparation procedures on bulk carriers for safe transportation of dry bulk cargoes. The work examines how proper hold cleaning, washing, drying, bilge well inspection, hatch cover condition and final readiness assessment influence cargo safety, pollution prevention, loading reliability and reduction of possible cargo claims. The theoretical part presents the main international requirements and practical principles related to cargo hold preparation. The practical part is based on the case of M/V 鈥淕REEK SEAS鈥� during the voyage from Damietta to Rotterdam with clinker cargo. The thesis also includes navigational, stability and economic aspects and identifies the main risks caused by improper cargo hold preparation. The results show that systematic and controlled cargo hold preparation reduces the risk of cargo contamination, moisture damage, loading delays and commercial losses. Proper documentation, inspection of bilges and hatch covers, dryness of cargo holds and clear responsibility of ship officers are essential for safe and reliable bulk cargo transportation.

Baigiamajame darbe nagrin臈jama vilkiko su azimutiniais varytuvais atliekam懦 led懦 lau啪ymo prie krantini懦 proced奴r懦 ir veiksm懦 analiz臈 Klaip臈dos uosto s膮lygomis. Temos aktualum膮 lemia tai, kad 啪iemos navigacijos laikotarpiu led懦 susidarymas uosto akvatorijoje apsunkina laiv懦 manevravim膮 prie krantini懦, didina navigacin臋 rizik膮 ir kelia papildomus reikalavimus vilkik懦 valdymui, proced奴r懦 tikslumui bei sprendim懦 pri臈mimui. Tyrimo problema siejama su tuo, kad led懦 s膮lygomis atliekam懦 veiksm懦 efektyvumas ir saugumas priklauso nuo ledo storio, vilkiko manevrini懦 savybi懦 ir taikom懦 veiksm懦 sekos, bei laivaved啪io patirties. Darbo tikslas 鈥� i拧analizuoti vilkiko su azimutiniais varytuvais atliekam懦 led懦 lau啪ymo prie krantini懦 proced奴ras ir veiksmus bei remiantis simuliaciniu modeliavimu, pateikti rekomendacijas saugesniam ir efektyvesniam toki懦 operacij懦 vykdymui. Tyrime taikyta mokslin臈s ir normin臈s literat奴ros analiz臈, vilkiko 鈥濴okys鈥� ASD 3010 ICE technini懦 ir eksploatacini懦 savybi懦 analiz臈, simuliacinis modeliavimas 鈥濿artsila NTPro 6鈥� treniruoklyje, lyginamoji scenarij懦 analiz臈 bei supaprastintas rizikos vertinimas. Eksperimento metu vertinama ledo storio 寞taka vilkiko jud臈jimui ir proced奴r懦 vykdymui, analizuojant ledo pasiprie拧inimo j臈g膮, manevro trukm臋, vidutin寞 greit寞, varytuv懦 valdymo korekcijas ir kitus i拧 treniruoklio fail懦 (angl. log, logs) gautus parametrus. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai parod臈, kad did臈jant ledo storiui did臈ja vilkik膮 veikiantis pasiprie拧inimas, ilg臈ja manevro trukm臈, ma啪臈ja vidutinis greitis ir sud臈ting臈ja valdymo veiksmai. Nustatyta, kad tam tikromis ledo s膮lygomis b奴tina koreguoti veiksm懦 sek膮 ir taikyti papildomas saugumo priemones. Darbo pabaigoje suformuotos rekomendacijos led懦 lau啪ymo operacijoms prie krantini懦 Klaip臈dos uoste, gali b奴ti taikomos kaip praktinis orientyras planuojant ir vykdant tokio pob奴d啪io manevrus.

This final thesis analyses the procedures and actions of icebreaking near berths performed by a tug equipped with azimuth thrusters under the conditions of Klaip臈da Seaport. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that during the winter navigation period ice formation within the port water area complicates vessel manoeuvring near berths, increases navigational risk, and creates additional demands for tug handling, procedural accuracy, and decision-making. The research problem is related to the fact that the efficiency and safety of actions performed in ice conditions depend on ice thickness, the tug鈥檚 manoeuvring characteristics, the selected sequence of actions, and the experience of the navigator. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the procedures and actions of icebreaking near berths performed by a tug equipped with azimuth thrusters and based on simulation modelling, to provide recommendations for the safer and more efficient execution of such operations. The study applies scientific and regulatory literature analysis, an analysis of the technical and operational characteristics of the tug 鈥濴okys鈥� ASD 3010 ICE simulation modelling using the 鈥濿artsila NTPro 6鈥� simulator, comparative scenario analysis, and simplified risk assessment. During the experiment, the influence of ice thickness on tug movement and procedure execution is assessed by analysing ice resistance force, manoeuvre duration, average speed, thruster control corrections, and other parameters obtained from simulator files (logs). The results of the study showed that as ice thickness increases, the resistance acting on the tug also increases, manoeuvre duration becomes longer, average speed decreases, and control actions become more complex. It was determined that under certain ice conditions it is necessary to adjust the sequence of actions and apply additional safety measures. The recommendations developed at the end of the thesis for icebreaking operations near berths in Klaip臈da Seaport may be used as a practical guideline for planning and carrying out this type of manoeuvre.

艩iame bakalauro darbe analizuojamas gaisro pavojaus zon懦 susidarymas ir automatin臈s gaisro gesinimo sistemos efektyvumas keleiviniame Ro-Ro laive 鈥濵ARCO POLO鈥�, kuris plaukioja mar拧rutu Ibiza鈥揝outhampton. 艩iame tyrime nagrin臈jamos navigacijos, oro ir eksploatavimo s膮lygos, galin膷ios tur臈ti 寞takos laivo saugai ir gaisro plitimui. Buvo tiriamas mar拧ruto planavimas, laivo stabilumas, navigacijos klaid懦 skai膷iavimas ir 寞vair奴s gaisro scenarijai krovininiame denyje. Rezultatai parod臈, kad optimalus automatin臈s gaisro gesinimo sistemos veikimas 啪ymiai suma啪ina gaisro plitimo rizik膮, ir prisideda prie keleivi懦 bei 寞gulos saugumo. Be to, tai rodo, kad b奴tina imtis papildom懦 saugos priemoni懦 ir apmokyti 寞gul膮 kilus gaisrams, susijusiems su elektromobili懦 akumuliatoriais ir pavojingomis med啪iagomis. Darb膮 sudaro 鈥� 57 puslapiai, 26 lentel臈s, 12 paveiksl懦, 44 formul臈s, literat奴ros s膮ra拧as ir priedai.

This bachelor's thesis analyzes the formation of fire hazard zones and the effectiveness of the automatic fire extinguishing system on the Ro-Ro passenger ship "MARCO POLO", which sails on the Ibiza-Southampton route. This study examines navigation, weather and operational conditions that may affect the safety of the ship and the spread of fire. Route planning, ship stability, navigation error calculation and various fire scenarios on the cargo deck were studied. The results showed that the optimal operation of the automatic fire extinguishing system significantly reduces the risk of fire spread, contributing to the safety of passengers and crew. In addition, it indicates the need to take additional safety measures and train the crew in the event of fires related to electric vehicle batteries and hazardous materials. The thesis consists of 57 pages, 26 tables, 12 figures, 44 formulas, a list of references and appendices.

Baigiamajame darbe analizuojami specialios paskirties laivo 鈥濨oka Ocean鈥� kabelio klojimo 寞rangos darbo ypatumai j奴rini懦 v臈jo j臈gaini懦 parko 寞rengimo procese. Tyrimo objektas 鈥� laivo 鈥濨oka Ocean鈥� kabeli懦 pakrovimo ir klojimo 寞ranga, jos veikimo principai, taikymas praktin臈se operacijose bei ry拧ys su laivo navigacin臈mis, stovumo ir dinaminio pozicionavimo sistemomis. Darbo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti laivo tinkamum膮 kabeli懦 pakrovimo ir klojimo darbams, atsi啪velgiant 寞 techninius, eksploatacinius, hidrometeorologinius, organizacinius ir ekonominius veiksnius. Darbe nagrin臈jamas reisas i拧 Roterdamo 寞 Gdyn臋, parenkami j奴rlapiai ir navigaciniai leidiniai, analizuojamos uost懦 prieigos, mar拧ruto rajonai, eismo atskyrimo sistemos ir saugaus plaukiojimo s膮lygos. Praktin臈je dalyje atliekamas giroskopinio kompaso paklaidos skai膷iavimas, laivo vietos nustatymas, pakrauto laivo stovumo vertinimas, kabelio pakrovimo ir klojimo proceso analiz臈. Ypatingas d臈mesys skiriamas DP2 sistemos, pozicijos atskaitos sistem懦, ASOG gairi懦, 寞gulos darbo pasiskirstymo ir operacini懦 apribojim懦 reik拧mei. Nustatyta, kad saugiam kabelio klojimui b奴tina tiksliai kontroliuoti laivo pad臈t寞, greit寞, kabelio 寞tempim膮, i拧leidimo kamp膮, oro ir j奴ros s膮lygas bei j奴ros dugno ypatybes. Stovumo analiz臈 parod臈, kad pakrauto laivo b奴kl臈 atitinka pagrindinius saugumo kriterijus, o turimas GM, teigiamos stovumo kreiv臈s plotas ir oro kriterijus leid啪ia saugiai vykdyti numatytas operacijas. Darbe taip pat 寞vertinti rizikos veiksniai, galintys tur臈ti 寞takos kabelio pa啪eidimui, operacijos stabdymui, papildomoms i拧laidoms ar darb懦 kokybei. Pateikiamos rekomendacijos d臈l DP parametr懦 steb臈jimo, hidrometeorologini懦 rib懦 laikymosi, komand懦 tarpusavio komunikacijos, kabelio 寞tempimo kontrol臈s ir avarinio kabelio nuleidimo proced奴r懦. Atlikta analiz臈 leid啪ia teigti, kad 鈥濨oka Ocean鈥� yra tinkamas laivas j奴rini懦 v臈jo j臈gaini懦 park懦 kabeli懦 pakrovimo ir klojimo darbams, kai operacijos vykdomos pagal nustatytus techninius ir saugos reikalavimus.

The bachelor thesis analyzes the operational specifics of cable-laying equipment on the special-purpose vessel 鈥淏oka Ocean鈥� during the installation of an offshore wind farm. The research object is the vessel鈥檚 cable loading and laying equipment, its operating principles, practical application and connection with navigation, stability and dynamic positioning systems. The aim of the work is to assess the suitability of 鈥淏oka Ocean鈥� for cable loading and laying operations by considering technical, operational, hydrometeorological, organizational and economic factors. The thesis examines the voyage from Rotterdam to Gdynia, the selection of nautical charts and publications, port approaches, route areas, traffic separation schemes and safe navigation conditions. The practical part includes gyrocompass error calculation, vessel position fixing, loaded vessel stability assessment and analysis of cable loading and laying operations. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the DP2 system, position reference systems, ASOG guidelines, crew responsibilities and operational limitations. The analysis shows that safe cable laying requires accurate control of vessel position, speed, cable tension, overboarding angle, weather and sea conditions, as well as seabed characteristics. The stability assessment confirms that the loaded condition of the vessel meets the main safety criteria, while the available GM, positive stability range and weather criterion allow the planned operations to be carried out safely. The work also evaluates risk factors that may affect cable damage, operational delays, additional costs or work quality. Recommendations are provided for monitoring DP parameters, complying with hydrometeorological limits, maintaining effective communication between teams, controlling cable tension and applying emergency cable lay-down procedures. The completed analysis indicates that 鈥淏oka Ocean鈥� is suitable for offshore wind farm cable loading and laying operations when the work is performed in accordance with established technical and safety requirements.

Aktualumas. Gaisras 鈥� viena pavojingiausi懦 avarini懦 situacij懦 Ro-Pax segmente: kasmet >1 % 拧i懦 laiv懦 patiria gaisr膮, o gaisrai sudaro 62 % brangiausi懦 j奴rinio draudimo 啪al懦. 2022 m. 鈥濻tena Scandica鈥� gaisras atskleid臈 kabeli懦 atskyrimo tr奴kumus, tod臈l IMO 2024 m. pri臈m臈 rezoliucijas MSC.550(108) ir MSC.555(108), pakei膷ian膷ias SOLAS II-2 ir FSS Code reikalavimus. Tyrimo problema. Ro-Pax laivas 鈥濻tena Horizon鈥� (IMO 9332559, 2006 m.) 鈥� vienas seniausi懦 鈥濻tena Line鈥� flotil臈je; sistemos suprojektuotos pagal anks膷iau galiojusius standartus, tod臈l b奴tina 寞vertinti atitikt寞 naujiems reikalavimams. Darbo tikslas 鈥� atlikti 鈥濻tena Horizon鈥� prie拧gaisrini懦 sistem懦 ir 寞rangos efektyvumo analiz臋, 寞vertinant j懦 atitikt寞 naujausiems SOLAS konvencijos ir FSS kodekso reikalavimams. Taikyti metodai: dokument懦 analiz臈 (SOLAS, FSS kodeksas, laivo technin臈 dokumentacija); steb臈jimas laive su fotofiksacija; gedim懦 re啪im懦 ir poveikio analiz臈 (FMEA); 鈥濸eteli拧k臈s鈥� (Bow-Tie) rizikos diagrama; lyginamoji normin臈 analiz臈; reiso skai膷iavimai; 鈥濻tena Scandica鈥� gaisro analiz臈 pagal DMAIB ataskait膮. Pagrindiniai rezultatai. Mar拧rutas Liep膩ja-Portsmouth per Skageno s膮siaur寞 (1 144,48 NM, ~54,5 val.) pasirinktas kaip saugesnis u啪 alternatyv膮 per Kylio kanal膮. Navigaciniai skai膷iavimai (螖GK = +0,7掳, 未 = 鈭�1,1掳) ir keturi nepriklausomi vietos nustatymo metodai patvirtino 鈮� 0,1鈥�0,2 NM tikslum膮. Stovumas: GMkor = 1,727 m, GZmax 鈮� 1,124 m prie 42掳 kreno, b/a = 2,31 鈥� visi IMO IS Code (2008) kriterijai tenkinami su rezervu. Lyginamoji analiz臈 identifikavo tris neatitiktis MSC.550(108) ir MSC.555(108): kombinuot懦 d奴m懦/temperat奴ros detektori懦 poreik寞, CCTV nebuvim膮 automobili懦 denyje (FMEA RPN = 700) ir kabeli懦 atskyrimo tr奴kumus. I拧vados. 鈥濻tena Horizon鈥� sistemos atitinka statybos metu galiojusius reikalavimus, ta膷iau b奴tina modernizacija iki 2028 m. ap啪i奴ros: a) 寞rengti CCTV (鈮� 24 val.) ir kombinuotus detektorius; b) atlikti elektros tras懦 atskyrimo audit膮; c) tikrinti laisv懦j懦 pavir拧i懦 momentus. Praktin臈 reik拧m臈 鈥� konkret奴s pasi奴lymai 2028 m. ap啪i奴rai ir rekomendacijos 鈥濻tena Line鈥� Ro- Pax flotilei.

Relevance. Fire is one of the most dangerous emergencies in the Ro-Pax segment: over 1 % of such ships annually experience a fire incident, and fires cause 62 % of the costliest marine insurance claims. The 2022 "Stena Scandica" fire revealed cable-segregation and back-up power weaknesses, prompting the IMO in 2024 to adopt MSC.550(108) and MSC.555(108), amending SOLAS II-2 and the FSS Code. Research problem. The Ro-Pax ship "Stena Horizon" (IMO 9332559, 2006) is one of the oldest vessels in the Stena Line fleet; its fire-fighting systems were designed under earlier standards, so compliance with the new requirements must be assessed. Aim. To analyse the efficiency of the "Stena Horizon" fire-fighting systems and equipment and their conformity with the latest SOLAS and FSS Code requirements. Methods. Document analysis (SOLAS, FSS Code, ship documentation); onboard observation with photographs; FMEA; Bow-Tie risk diagram; comparative regulatory analysis; navigation and stability calculations for the Liep膩ja-Portsmouth voyage; case study of the "Stena Scandica" fire based on the DMAIB report. Main results. The Liep膩ja-Portsmouth route via the Skagen Strait (1,144.48 NM, ~54.5 h) was chosen as safer than via the Kiel Canal. Navigation (螖GK = +0.7掳, 未 = 鈭�1.1掳) and four position-fixing methods confirmed 鈮� 0.1鈥�0.2 NM accuracy. Stability: GMcor = 1.727 m, GZmax 鈮� 1.124 m at 42掳, b/a = 2.31 鈥� all IMO IS Code (2008) criteria met with margin. The fire-fighting comparison identified three non-conformities with MSC.550(108) and MSC.555(108): combined smoke/heat detectors, lack of vehicle-deck CCTV (FMEA RPN = 700), and electrical cable- segregation gaps. Conclusions. The "Stena Horizon" systems comply with construction-time regulations, but require modernisation before the 2028 survey: a) CCTV (鈮� 24 h recording) and combined detectors; b) electrical-cable segregation audit; c) free-surface moments check before each voyage. The practical significance lies in concrete modernisation proposals and recommendations for the entire Stena Line Ro-Pax fleet.

Auk拧t懦j懦 kolegini懦 studij懦 baigiam膮j寞 darb膮 sudaro: 74 puslapiai, 18 paveiksl懦, 16 lenteli懦, 19 literat奴ros 拧altiniai, 6 priedai. Tyrimas orientuojamas 寞 拧aldytos 啪uvies produkcijos gabenimo j奴r懦 transportu technologini懦 ypatum懦 ir saugumo protokol懦 analiz臋. Konkre膷iai, darbe nagrin臈jamas suplanuotas specializuoto refri啪eratorinio laivo 鈥濩OPPENAME鈥� reisas i拧 Las Palmaso uosto Ispanijoje 寞 Dualos uost膮 Kamer奴ne. Jame i拧samiai apra拧omos b奴tinosios navigacin臈s proced奴ros, tokios kaip elektronini懦 j奴rlapi懦 korekcija bei vietos nustatymas astronominiu b奴du, kartu u啪tikrinant atitikt寞 tarptautin臈ms j奴r懦 konvencijoms, tokioms kaip SOLAS ir MARPOL. Dokumente taip pat pateikiama i拧sami uost懦 reikalavim懦, krovos technologij懦 ir laivybos mar拧ruto ekonominio pelningumo analiz臈. Ypatingas d臈mesys skiriamas refri啪eratorin臈s 寞rangos eksploatacijai, siekiant u啪tikrinti nenutr奴kstam膮 拧al膷io grandin臋. Darbe pagrind啪iamas b奴tinumas palaikyti stabili膮 鈥�18 掳C temperat奴r膮 bei atitinkam膮 oro dr臈gnum膮, taip apsaugant 啪uvies produkcij膮 nuo dehidratacijos bei kokyb臈s praradimo. Galiausiai aptariami svarbiausi eksploataciniai standartai, 寞skaitant 寞gulos darbo ir poilsio ciklus bei privalomuosius saugaus valdymo kodeksus, siekiant i拧vengti nelaiming懦 atsitikim懦 j奴roje.

The final thesis consists of: 74 pages, 18 figures, 16 tables, 19 references, 6 appendices. The study focuses on the analysis of the technological features and safety protocols of transporting frozen fish products by sea. Specifically, the paper examines the planned voyage of the specialized refrigerated vessel 'COPPENAME' from the port of Las Palmas in Spain to the port of Douala in Cameroon. It describes in detail the necessary navigational procedures, such as the correction of electronic navigational charts and astronomical positioning, while ensuring compliance with international maritime conventions such as SOLAS and MARPOL. The document also provides a comprehensive analysis of port requirements, cargo handling technologies, and the economic profitability of the shipping route. Particular attention is paid to the operation of refrigeration equipment in order to ensure an uninterrupted cold chain. The paper substantiates the necessity of maintaining a stable temperature of 鈥�18 掳C and appropriate air humidity, thereby protecting fish products from dehydration and loss of quality. Finally, the key operational standards are discussed, including crew work and rest cycles as well as mandatory safety management codes aimed at preventing accidents at sea.