黑料不打烊

艩iame magistro darbe nuotolini懦 steb臈jim懦 duomenimis vertinami 啪em臈s pavir拧iaus temperat奴ros d臈sningumai ir su augmenija susij臋s v臈sinimas Vilniuje, Kaune ir Klaip臈doje. Darbo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti miesto pavir拧iaus temperat奴ros erdvinius d臈sningumus 寞prastomis 拧iltojo sezono ir kar拧膷io bang懦 s膮lygomis bei nustatyti, kaip med啪i懦 lajos tankumas veikia augmenijos sudarom膮 v臈sinim膮 tiek savivaldybi懦, tiek ma啪懦 miesto erdvi懦 mastu. Pirmajame skyriuje ap啪velgiamas miest懦 mikroklimatas, miest懦 拧ilumines s膮lygas lemiantys veiksniai, augmenijos vaidmuo miestuose, taip pat tradiciniai ir nuotolini懦 steb臈jim懦 metodai, taikomi miesto aplinkos tyrimuose. Antrajame skyriuje apra拧oma tyrimo teritorija, duomen懦 拧altiniai ir metodai, 寞skaitant 拧iltojo sezono vidutin臈s 啪em臈s pavir拧iaus temperat奴ros skai膷iavim膮, kar拧膷io bang懦 atvej懦 analiz臋, pavir拧iaus dangos vertinim膮, miesto masto augmenijos v臈sinimo modeliavim膮 ir ma啪懦 miesto erdvi懦 masto med啪i懦 lajos tankumo kaitos scenarijus. Tre膷iajame skyriuje pateikiami ir aptariami 拧iltojo sezono bei kar拧膷io bang懦 啪em臈s pavir拧iaus temperat奴ros d臈sningum懦, pavir拧iaus dangos tipai ir j懦 poky膷iai miestuose, augmenijos sukuriamas pavir拧iaus v臈sinimas miesto lygmeniu bei ma啪懦 miesto erdvi懦 masto augmenijos v臈sinimo signalas reaguojant 寞 med啪i懦 lajos tankumo poky膷ius, rezultatai. Darbas baigiamas i拧vadomis ir rekomendacijomis. Darb膮 sudaro 拧e拧ios pagrindin臈s dalys: literat奴ros ap啪valga, metodai, rezultatai, i拧vados, rekomendacijos ir literat奴ros s膮ra拧as. Darbo apimtis: 51 puslapis, skai膷iuojant nuo 寞vado iki literat奴ros s膮ra拧o pabaigos, 32 paveikslai, 14 lenteli懦, 90 literat奴ros 拧altini懦. Prasminiai 啪od啪iai: nuotoliniai steb臈jimai, miesto klimatas, 啪em臈s pavir拧iaus temperat奴ra, med啪i懦 lajos dangos tankis, kar拧膷io ma啪inimas, augalijos v臈sinimas.

In this master鈥檚 thesis, land surface temperature patterns and vegetation-related cooling in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaip臈da are assessed using remote sensing data. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate spatial patterns of urban surface heating under typical warm-season and heatwave conditions, and to determine how tree cover density influences vegetation cooling at both municipal and neighbourhood scales. The first chapter reviews urban microclimate, factors shaping urban thermal conditions, the role of vegetation in cities, and traditional as well as remote sensing methods used in urban thermal environment research. The second chapter describes the study area, data sources and methods, including the calculation of warm season land surface temperature mean, heatwave case analysis, land cover assessment, city wide vegetation cooling modelling and neighbourhood scale tree cover density change scenarios. The third chapter presents and discusses the results of warm season and heatwave land surface temperature patterns, land cover type and recent change in cities, city wide vegetation cooling, and neighbourhood scale cooling response to tree cover density modification. The thesis ends with conclusions and recommendations. The thesis consists of six main parts: literature review, methods, results, conclusions, recommendations, list of references. Volume of the thesis: 51 pages counting from the introduction to the end of references, 32 figures, 14 tables, 90 references. Key words: remote sensing, urban climate, land surface temperature, tree cover density, heat mitigation, vegetation cooling.

艩iame magistro darbe analizuojamas medienos ir alternatyvi懦 granuli懦 拧iltnamio efekt膮 sukelian膷i懦 duj懦 (艩ESD) emisij懦 rodiklis bei j懦 tvarumas. Pagrindinis d臈mesys skiriamas tradicini懦 medienos granuli懦 palyginimui su granul臈mis, gaminamomis i拧 啪em臈s 奴kio ir antrini懦 啪em臈s 奴kio bei pramon臈s atliek懦, toki懦 kaip 拧iaudai, nendr臈s, kanap臈s, Kanados ryk拧ten臈, lapai, 啪ol臈, griki懦 luk拧tai, saul臈gr膮啪懦 luk拧tai ir alaus gamybos gr奴d懦 atliekos. Darbo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti, ar skirtingos kilm臈s granuli懦 r奴拧ys gali atitikti atsinaujinan膷iosios energijos direktyvoje (RED II/III) nustatytus 艩ESD ma啪inimo slenks膷ius ir tvarumo reikalavimus, taikomus bioenergijai pastat懦 拧ildymo sektoriuje. Gyvavimo ciklo 艩ESD emisijos apskai膷iuojamos vienam naudingosios 拧ilumin臈s energijos vienetui, taikant RED II/III metodik膮 ir sistemos ribas, apiman膷ias 啪aliav懦 gavyb膮 arba surinkim膮, perdirbim膮, transportavim膮, paskirstym膮 ir galutin寞 deginim膮. Siekiant palyginti i拧kastiniu kuru pagr寞st膮 d啪iovinim膮 su ma啪ai anglies dioksido i拧skirian膷iomis d啪iovinimo alternatyvomis bei i拧analizuoti per臈jim膮 nuo medienos prie atliek懦 pagrindu pagamint懦 啪aliav懦, vertinami keli scenarijai. Tyrime atsi啪velgiama 寞 regionines Latvijos s膮lygas, daugiausia remiantis prielaidomis apie tipinius transportavimo atstumus, 寞vairi懦 atliek懦 sraut懦 prieinamum膮 granuli懦 gamybai, taip pat mi拧ko i拧tekli懦 vaidmen寞 siekiant atsinaujinan膷iosios energijos tiksl懦 ir vykdant 啪em臈s naudojimo 寞sipareigojimus. Rezultatai parod臈, kad i拧 atliek懦 pagamintos granul臈s gali u啪tikrinti reik拧mingai didesn寞 艩ESD emisij懦 suma啪inim膮 nei tradicin臈s medienos granul臈s, jei d啪iovinimo procese i拧kastinis kuras pakei膷iamas atsinaujinan膷iais energijos 拧altiniais. Tuo tarpu scenarijai, atspindintys RED II/III numatyt膮sias vertes, kai medienos granul臈s d啪iovinamos naudojant i拧kastin寞 kur膮, kai kuriais atvejais gali nepasiekti minimali懦 艩ESD ma啪inimo rib懦 naujiems 寞renginiams. Tai rodo galim膮 neatitikties ES tvarumo kriterijams rizik膮. Darb膮 sudaro 58puslapiai, 18paveiksl懦, 98 literat奴ros 拧altiniai.

This master鈥檚 thesis analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) performance and sustainability of wood and alternative pellets. The focus is on comparing traditional stem鈥憌ood pellets with agricultural residue and secondary agricultural and industrial residues, such as straw, reed, hemp, Canadian goldenrod, leaves, grass, buckwheat husk, sunflower husks and brewers鈥� spent grain. The aim is to assess whether different pellet options can meet the GHG saving thresholds and sustainability requirements set out in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II/III) for bioenergy used in the heating sector. Life cycle GHG emissions are calculated per unit of useful thermal output using the RED II/III methodology and system boundaries, covering the extraction or collection of raw material, processing, transportation and distribution up to final combustion. Several scenarios are evaluated to compare fossil fuel鈥慴ased drying with low-carbon drying options and to analyse the transition from stem-wood to residue-based feedstock. The study reflects regional conditions in Latvia, mainly using assumptions about typical transport distances and the availability of various residue streams for pellet production, as well as the role of forest resources in achieving renewable energy targets and land鈥憉se commitments. The results show that residue鈥慴ased wood pellets can provide significantly greater GHG savings than conventional stem鈥憌ood pellets if fossil fuels are replaced with renewable sources in the drying process. In contrast, scenarios reflecting the RED II/III default values with fossil fuel dried stem鈥憌ood pellets may in some cases not reach the minimum GHG saving thresholds for new installations, indicating a potential risk of non鈥慶ompliance with EU sustainability criteria. Several alternative pellets produced from agricultural and industrial residues achieve high GHG savings while reducing pressure on forest biomass and supporting the principles of cascading use. This work consists of 58 pages, 18 images, 96 references.

Baigiamajame darbe nagrin臈jamas naudotos stiklo pakuot臈s tvarkymas Latvijoje ir vertinamos alternatyvios vidaus perdirbimo galimyb臈s. Latvijoje 拧iuo metu n臈ra vidaus paj臈gum懦 stiklo pakuotei perlydyti 鈥� surinktas stiklas arba 啪emesn臈s vert臈s b奴du perdirbamas 寞 stiklo sm臈l寞, arba eksportuojamas: 25 818 ton懦 2023 metais ir 31 919 ton懦 2024 metais. Darbo tikslas 鈥� palyginti du perdirbimo b奴dus aplinkosaugos ir ekonominiu po啪i奴riu: perdirbim膮 寞 nauj膮 stiklo pakuot臋 (83 % gr膮啪a, 5,88 med啪iagos naudojimo ekvivalentai) ir perdirbim膮 寞 stiklo vat膮 (70 % gr膮啪a, 3,33 med啪iagos naudojimo ekvivalentai). Funkcin臈 vienet臈 鈥� 1 kg galutinio produkto i拧 r奴拧iuotos naudotos stiklo pakuot臈s 拧uk臈s. Taikomi metodai: LCA programoje SimaPro naudojant ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H), supaprastintas tradicinis LCC ir aplinkosauginis LCC, taikant Environmental Prices EU27 central vertes. Abu perdirbimo b奴dai sukelia aplinkosaugin臋 na拧t膮 visose vertintose vidutinio lygio kategorijose. Baziniame scenarijuje stiklo vata pasiekia geresnius rezultatus globalaus at拧ilimo, keli懦 su oro emisijomis susijusi懦 kategorij懦 ir 啪em臈s naudojimo at啪vilgiu 鈥� ta膷iau jautrumo analiz臈 rodo, kad 拧is klimatinis prana拧umas priklauso daugiausia nuo med啪iagos naudojimo ekvivalent懦 skai膷iaus skirtumo tarp scenarij懦. Esant vienod邪屑 med啪iagos naudojimo ekvivalent懦 skai膷iui, perdirbimas atgal 寞 stiklo pakuot臋 pasiekia 啪emesn寞 globalaus at拧ilimo rezultat膮. U啪darojo ciklo perdirbimas pasiekia geresnius rezultatus i拧kastini懦 i拧tekli懦 stygiaus, vandens suvartojimo, mineralini懦 i拧tekli懦 stygiaus, ekotoksi拧kumo ir 啪moni懦 toksi拧kumo kategorijose. Tradiciniame LCC stiklo vata pasiekia auk拧tesn臋 gryn膮j膮 ekonomin臋 vert臋 visuose elektros energijos scenarijuose; aplinkosauginiame LCC ji turi didesnes monetizuotas i拧orines s膮naudas, kurias lemia daugiausia kancerogeninis toksi拧kumas 啪mon臈ms d臈l auk拧tupyje esan膷i懦 fonini懦 proces懦. Baigiam膮j寞 darb膮 sudaro 106 puslapiai, 13 lenteli懦, 12 paveiksl懦, 138 拧altiniai ir 2 priedai, apimantys 12 puslapi懦.

The thesis investigates post-consumer glass packaging management in Latvia and evaluates alternative domestic recycling routes. Latvia currently has no domestic remelting capacity for glass packaging; collected glass is either downcycled into glass sand or exported 鈥� 25818 tons in 2023 and 31919 tons in 2024. The aim is to compare two recycling routes environmentally and economically: recycling into new glass packaging (83% recovery, 5,88 material use equivalents) and recycling into glass wool (70% recovery, 3,33 material use equivalents). The functional unit is 1 kg of final product from sorted post-consumer cullet. Methods include LCA in SimaPro using ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H), simplified conventional LCC, and environmental LCC using Environmental Prices EU27 central values. Both pathways generate environmental burdens in all assessed midpoint categories. In the base case, glass wool performs better in global warming, several air emission categories and land use - however, sensitivity analysis shows this climate advantage depends mainly on the difference in material use equivalents between scenarios. At equal material use equivalents, recycling back into glass packaging achieves lower global warming. Closed-loop recycling performs better in fossil resource scarcity, water consumption, mineral resource scarcity, ecotoxicity and human toxicity. In the conventional LCC, glass wool has higher net economic value under all electricity scenarios; in the environmental LCC, it has higher monetized external costs, driven mainly by human carcinogenic toxicity from upstream background processes. The thesis consists of 106 pages, 13 tables, 12 figures, 138 references, and 2 appendices with 12 pages.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrin臈jamos pastat懦 akustikos gerinimo priemon臈s, analizuojami nauji akustini懦 med啪iag懦 deriniai. Darbo aktualum膮 lemia blogos senos statybos gyvenam懦j懦 pastat懦 akustin臈s savyb臈s. Darbe analizuojamas tyrimo objektas 鈥� i拧 medienos pluo拧to, moliusk懦 kriaukli懦, biokuro pelen懦 ir 拧arminio tirpalo sukurtas akustinis kompozitas. Pagrindin臈 kompozito dalis 鈥� kalkakmenis i拧 malt懦 moliusk懦 kriaukli懦, kuris veikia analogi拧kai kaip cemento 谤颈拧颈办濒颈蝉, bet pasi啪ymi geresn臈mis garso sugerties savyb臈mis ir ma啪esn臈mis energijos s膮naudomis. Darbas susideda i拧 寞vado, keturi懦 pagrindini懦 skyri懦, i拧vad懦, rekomendacij懦 ir literat奴ros s膮ra拧o. Pirmame darbo skyriuje pateikiama mokslin臈s literat奴ros analiz臈 apie patalp懦 akustik膮, med啪iag懦 charakteristikas bei j懦 gamyb膮. Ap啪velgiami 寞vair奴s ri拧ikli懦 veikimo mechanizmai, ie拧koma tvari懦 ir kokybi拧k懦 ri拧ikli懦 derini懦. Ap啪velgiamos medienos pluo拧to akustin臈s charakteristikos ir antrinio panaudojimo galimyb臈s. Antrajame darbo skyriuje pateikiama tyrim懦 metodologija, apra拧ant med啪iag懦 pasirinkim膮, paruo拧im膮 bei santyk寞 mi拧inyje. Apra拧omas skirtingo tankio ir storio m臈gini懦 formavimas bei gauti m臈gini懦 dyd啪iai. Apra拧omi impedanso vamzdyje atlikti akustiniai matavimai. Pateikiamas patalp懦 aid臈jimo trukm臈s klasifikatorius ir skai膷iavimo formul臈s. Tre膷iajame skyriuje pateikiami sukurto kompozito akustini懦 tyrim懦 rezultatai ir daugiabu膷io laiptin臈s aid臈jimo trukm臈s skai膷iavimai. Nustatyta, kad sukurtas kompozitas turi auk拧tas garso sugerties reik拧mes ir ma啪as garso praradimo reik拧mes. Nustatytos tendencijos: did臈jant m臈gini懦 tankiui ir storiui garso sugerties pikai pasiekiami prie 啪emesni懦 da啪ni懦. Did啪iausias garso sugerties koeficientas pasiekiamas naudojant did啪iausi膮 m臈gini懦 tank寞 ir 48 mm bei 65 mm storius. Modeliavimo skyriuje analizuojamas aid臈jimo trukm臈s ma啪inimas nagrin臈jamoje daugiabu膷io laiptin臈je, dalinai padengiant patalpos lubas skirtingo storio sukurto kompozito plok拧t臈mis, siekiant 鈥濩鈥� garso klas臈s. Darbo apimtis 鈥� 71 psl., 24 paveikslai, 10 lenteli懦, 51 literat奴ros 拧altinis, pried懦 n臈ra.

The master's thesis examines measures to improve building acoustics and analyzes new combinations of acoustic materials. The relevance of the work is determined by the poor acoustic properties of old residential buildings. The object of the study analyzed in the work is an acoustic composite created from wood fiber, mollusk shells, biofuel ash and alkaline solution. The main part of the composite is limestone from ground mollusk shells, which acts similarly to a cement binder, but has better sound absorption properties and lower energy consumption. The work consists of an introduction, four main sections, conclusions, recommendations and a list of references. The first section of the work presents an analysis of scientific literature on room acoustics and material characteristics. Various mechanisms of action of binders are reviewed. The acoustic characteristics of wood fiber and secondary use options are reviewed. The second section of the work presents a research methodology, describing the selection, preparation and ratio of materials in the mixture. The formation of samples of different densities and thicknesses is described. Acoustic measurements performed in an impedance tube are described. The third section presents the results of acoustic studies of the created composite and calculations of the reverberation time of an apartment building staircase. It was determined that the created composite has high sound absorption values and low transmission loss values. Trends are identified: with increasing density and thickness of the samples, sound absorption peaks are reached at lower frequencies. The highest sound absorption coefficient is achieved using samples with the highest density and 48 mm and 65 mm thickness. The modeling section analyzes the reduction of the reverberation time in the considered apartment building staircase by partially covering the ceiling with panels of the created composite of different thicknesses, achieving the 鈥淐鈥� sound class. The scope of the work is 71 pages, 24 figures, 10 tables, 51 references.

Baigiamajame bakalauro darbe suprojektuoti "DR" miesto vandentiekio ir buitini懦 nuotek懦 tinklai bei vandens ruo拧ykla. Atliktas miesto vandens poreiki懦 skai膷iavimas ir analiz臈. 漠vertintas miesto reljefas ir planas. Atliktas vandentiekio tinklo hidraulinis skai膷iavimas. Naudojantis WaterCAD programa sudarytas vandentiekio tinklo hidraulinis modelis, parinkti vandens tiekimo siurbliai. I拧analizuota gr臋啪ini懦 po啪eminio vandens kokyb臈 ir suprojektuoti vandens ruo拧imo 寞renginiai. Apskai膷iuoti buitini懦 nuotek懦 kiekiai. Atlikti buitini懦 nuotek懦 tinklo hidrauliniai skai膷iavimai. Suprojektuotas buitini懦 nuotek懦 tinklas ir buitini懦 nuotek懦 siurblin臈.

In the final bachelor鈥檚 thesis, the water supply and domestic wastewater networks, as well as a water treatment plant for 鈥淒R鈥� city, were designed. The city鈥檚 water demand was calculated and analyzed. The city鈥檚 terrain and layout plan were assessed. A hydraulic calculation of the water supply network was carried out. Using the WaterCAD software, a hydraulic model of the water supply network was developed, and water supply pumps were selected. The quality of groundwater from boreholes was analyzed, and water treatment facilities were designed. Domestic wastewater quantities were calculated. Hydraulic calculations of the domestic wastewater network were performed. A domestic wastewater network and a domestic wastewater pumping station were designed.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrin臈jamas biokompozito, pagaminto i拧 gluosnin臈s kreivabud臈s (Pleurotus ostreatus) grybo micelio ir jav懦 pel懦 (avi啪懦, rugi懦, kvie膷i懦) pel懦, pritaikymas vidaus patalp懦 akustikai gerinti. Pasinaudojant interferometru buvo 寞vertinti garso sugerties koeficientai 啪em懦, vidutini懦 ir auk拧t懦 da啪ni懦 diapazone, taip pat 寞vertinta garso sugerties rezultat懦 priklausomyb臈 nuo bandini懦 fizikini懦 savybi懦, toki懦 kaip storis, tankis, t奴ris. Biokompozito garso sugerties rezultatai buvo palyginti su komerci拧kai gaminamos 鈥濵ono鈥� akustin臈s plok拧t臈s garso sugerties rezultatais. Siekiant 寞vertinti biokompozito, pagaminto i拧 nat奴rali懦 med啪iag懦, poveik寞 aplinkai, buvo atliktas gyvavimo ciklo vertinimas, pasitelkiant SimaPro programin臋 寞rang膮. Pasirinktos sistemos ribos 鈥� nuo lop拧io iki kapo (angl. from craddle to grave). Biokompozito gyvavimo ciklo rezultatai palyginti su komerci拧kai gaminamos 鈥濵ono鈥� akustin臈s plok拧t臈s gyvavimo ciklo rezultatais. Papildomai buvo atliktas biokompozito pagrindo, sudaryto i拧 avi啪懦, rugi懦 arba kvie膷i懦 pel懦 gyvavimo ciklo vertinimas 啪aliav懦 i拧gavimo/gamybos sistemos ribose, siekiant 寞vertinti, kurios jav懦 kult奴ros pel懦 naudojimas biokompozito gamyboje tur臈t懦 ma啪iausi膮 poveik寞 aplinkai. Atlikus praktinius bandymus, buvo pateikti baigiamojo darbo rezultatai, i拧vados ir rekomendacijos. Darb膮 sudaro 7 dalys: 寞vadas, literat奴ros analiz臈, metodika, rezultatai, bendrosios i拧vados, rekomendacijos, literat奴ros s膮ra拧as. Darbo apimtis 鈥� 76 p. teksto be pried懦, 45 iliustr., 16 lent., 73 bibliografiniai 拧altiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai.

In this master鈥檚 thesis, the application of a biocomposite made from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelium and cereal husks (oat, rye, and wheat) for improving indoor acoustics is investigated. Using an interferometer, sound absorption coefficients were evaluated across low, medium, and high frequency ranges, and the dependence of sound absorption results on the physical properties of the samples鈥攕uch as thickness, density, and volume鈥攚as also assessed. The sound absorption performance of the biocomposite was compared with that of the commercially produced 鈥淢ono鈥� acoustic panel. To evaluate the environmental impact of the biocomposite made from natural materials, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted using the SimaPro software. The selected system boundaries were cradle-to-grave. The life cycle results of the biocomposite were compared with those of the commercially manufactured 鈥淢ono鈥� acoustic panel. Additionally, a life cycle assessment of the biocomposite substrate composed of oat, rye, or wheat husks was carried out within the raw material extraction/production system boundaries, in order to determine which type of cereal husk would have the lowest environmental impact when used in biocomposite production. Based on the conducted experimental studies, the results, conclusions, and recommendations of the thesis are presented. The thesis consists of seven parts: introduction, literature review, methodology, results, general conclusions, recommendations, and references. The thesis consists of 76 pages of text excluding appendices, 45 figures, 16 tables, and 73 bibliographic sources. The appendices are provided separately

Perfluoralkilo ir polifluoralkilo med啪iagos (PFAS) sulauk臈 didelio tyrim懦 d臈mesio 寞vairiose pasaulio tyrim懦 srityse d臈l savo elgesio, kuris neigiamai veikia aplinkosauginius, socialinius ir ekonominius aspektus. 艩iuo metu n臈ra sistemingo metodo, kuris leist懦 vienu metu 寞vertinti ir apra拧yti PFAS elges寞 kompozicin臈se sorbcijos terp臈se su elektrokinetin臈mis dominuojan膷iomis savyb臈mis, atsi啪velgiant 寞 molekulinio lygio metod膮. Buvo sukurti du metodai PFAS elgesiui apib奴dinti, kurie buvo pristatyti kaip hidrofobi拧kai valdoma paradigma, paai拧kinanti stipr懦 PFAS prisijungim膮 prie kieto dirvo啪emio, naudojant dirvo啪emio ir vandens pasiskirstymo koeficiento vertes ir Gibso laisv膮j膮 energij膮, o sistemos i拧laikymo sistema apra拧o tolesnes molekulinio lygio s膮veikas, pagr寞stas apskai膷iuotomis PFAS zeta potencialo vert臈mis, pagr寞stomis Henrio ir Nernsto-Ein拧teino lygtimis, o po to sekan膷iais pradiniais stipriais prisijungimais. Theil-Sen 寞vertis buvo naudojamas ZP ir dirvo啪emio ir vandens pasiskirstymo koeficiento ver膷i懦 koreliacijai konvertuoti 寞 prognozavimo sistem膮. Kiekvienai PFAS buvo suformuluotos naujos indekso vert臈s, kurios apibr臈啪iamos kaip sistemos sulaikymo indeksas (SRI), pagr寞stas apskai膷iuotomis ZP vert臈mis, ir skai膷iavimams buvo 寞vesta lygtis. Sukurtas sistemos sulaikymo indeksas (SRI) atspindi kiekvienos PFAS elgsenos ir dirvo啪emio koloid懦 interaktyv懦 pob奴d寞. Be to, buvo 寞traukti energijos tyrimai, atlikti naudojant Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) metod膮. Gibbso laisvoji energija patvirtina hidrofobi拧kai valdom膮 paradigm膮, pabr臈啪dama, kad adsorbcija yra savaimin臈. Theil-Sen 寞vertis sutvarko sistemos sulaikymo sistem膮 kaip stipr懦 prognozavimo 寞rank寞, apib奴dinant寞 molekulinio lygio s膮veikas. Buvo sukurtos dvi lygtys, skirtos 寞vesti ir apibr臈啪ti efektyv懦 atstum膮 ir darb膮, atlikt膮 efektyvaus atstumo ribose. Darbai, paskelbti Tarptautiniame aplinkos mokslo ir technologij懦 啪urnale ir Jaun懦j懦 mokslinink懦 konferencijos proced奴rose, prisid臈jo prie projekto 鈥濸asiekti nulin寞 PFAS鈥� s臈km臈s.

Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) have gained comprehensive attention from different research fields worldwide due to their behaviour that causes adverse impacts on the environmental, social, and economic aspects. Currently, there is no systematic approach to simultaneously assess and describe the behaviour of the PFAS on composite sorption media with the electrokinetic dominant features, considering the molecular-level. Two approaches were developed to describe the behaviour of PFAS, which have been introduced as the Hydrophobically Driven Paradigm, explaining the strong attachment of PFAS to solid soil, employing the soil-water partitioning coefficient values and Gibbs鈥� free energy, and the System Retention Framework describes further molecular-level interactions based on the calculated Zeta Potential values of PFAS based on Henry鈥檚 and Nernst-Einstein equations, followed by the initial strong attachments. Theil-Sen estimator was used to convert the correlation between ZP and the soil-water partitioning coefficient values into a predictive framework. Novel index values for each PFAS were formulated, which are defined as the System Retention Index (SRI). System Retention Index (SRI) map and an equation were introduced based on the calculated ZP values. The developed System Retention Index (SRI) provides the interactive nature of each PFAS behaviour and soil colloids. Further, energy studies have been incorporated, which were conducted utilizing the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) approach. Gibbs鈥� free energy confirms the Hydrophobically Driven Paradigm, highlighting that adsorption is spontaneous. Theil-Sen estimator arranges the System Retention Framework as a strong predictor to describe molecular-level interactions. Two equations were developed to introduce and define effective distance and work done within the effective distance. Works published in the International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology and the Young Scientists Conference procedures, contributing to the success of the project 鈥淎chieving Zero PFAS鈥�.

艩iame magistro darbe vertinamos tyliosios zonos Vilniuje, sutelkiant d臈mes寞 寞 keli懦 eismo triuk拧m膮, akustin寞 modeliavim膮 ir triuk拧mo ma啪inimo priemoni懦 veiksmingum膮. Tyrimo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti tyli膮sias zonas Vilniuje ir nustatyti triuk拧mo ma啪inimo priemoni懦 poreik寞 vienoje i拧 potenciali懦 aglomeracijos tyli懦j懦 zon懦 鈥� Talk懦, Sm臈lyn臈s ir Rudausi懦 sod懦 teritorijoje, kuri膮 veikia eismo triuk拧mas sklindantis nuo Nemen膷in臈s kelio. Pirmasis skyrius apima literat奴ros ap啪valga susijusi su aplinkos triuk拧mu, jo poveikiu 啪moni懦 sveikatai ir aplinkai, tyli懦j懦 zon懦 s膮vokos ir svarba bei triuk拧mo lygio reguliavimo Lietuvoje 寞statym懦 ap啪valga. Taip pat aptariamos aplinkos triuk拧mo ma啪inimo priemon臈s, 寞skaitant grei膷io apribojimus, por臈t膮j寞 asfalt膮, triuk拧mo barjerus ir kitus planavimo bei in啪inerinius sprendimus. Antrajame skyriuje apra拧oma tyrimo metodika, 寞skaitant tyrimo teritorijos analiz臋, akustin寞 modeliavim膮 naudojant 鈥濩adnaA鈥� programin臋 寞rang膮, modelio tinkamumo patvirtinim膮, pateikiami pasirinkti receptori懦 ta拧kai bei apra拧oma poveikio sveikatai vertinimo metodika, naudojant negalios koreguot懦 gyvenimo met懦 (DALY) indeks膮. Tre膷iajame skyriuje pateikiami tyrimo rezultatai, 寞skaitant esamos triuk拧mo situacijos modeliavim膮 ir 寞vairius triuk拧mo ma啪inimo scenarijus. Vertinamas grei膷io ma啪inimo, por臈to asfalto dangos, 3 metr懦 triuk拧mo barjero ir kombinuot懦 triuk拧mo ma啪inimo priemoni懦 veiksmingumas. Be to, naudojant nakties ir dienos triuk拧mo rodiklius bei DALY indeks膮, 寞vertinamas triuk拧mo veikiam懦 gyventoj懦 skai膷ius ir d臈l susierzinimo bei miego sutrikim懦 prarast懦 sveiko gyvenimo met懦 skai膷ius. Taip pat 寞vertinama, koki膮 naud膮 gyventoj懦 sveikatai gali suteikti triuk拧mo ma啪inimo priemon臈s. Tyrimo rezultatai leido 寞vertinti triuk拧mo ma啪inimo priemoni懦 efektyvum膮, j懦 poveik寞 triuk拧mo veikiam懦 gyventoj懦 skai膷iui ir galim膮 naud膮 ma啪inant keli懦 eismo triuk拧mo poveik寞 gyventoj懦 sveikatai. Tyrimas susideda i拧 拧i懦 pagrindini懦 dali懦: literat奴ros ap啪valgos, metodikos, rezultat懦 ir rekomendacij懦. Apimtis: 52 pslp., skai膷iuojant nuo 寞vado iki literat奴ros s膮ra拧o, 26 pav., 11 lentel臈s

ANNOTATION This Master鈥檚 thesis evaluates quiet areas in Vilnius, focusing primarily on road traffic noise, acoustic modelling, and the effectiveness of noise reduction measures. The aim of the study is to assess the quiet areas in Vilnius and determine the need for noise mitigation measures in one of the potential quiet agglomeration areas 鈥� the Talkos, Sm臈lyn臈s, and Rudausi懦 Sodai area 鈥� which is affected by traffic noise from the Nemen膷in臈 highway. The first chapter provides a review of the scientific literature on environmental noise, its impact on human health and the environment, the concept and importance of quiet areas, and noise level regulation in Lithuania. It also discusses measures to reduce environmental noise, including speed limits, porous asphalt, noise barriers, and other planning and engineering solutions. The second chapter describes the research methodology, including the study area, acoustic modelling using the CadnaA software, model validation, selected receptor points, and the health impact assessment methodology using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) index. The third chapter presents the study results, including modelling of the current noise situation and various mitigation scenarios. The effectiveness of speed reduction, porous asphalt pavement, a 3-meter noise barrier, and combined mitigation measures is evaluated. In addition, using the Lden, Lnight, and DALY indicators, the population group exposed to noise and the potential health benefits of mitigation measures are assessed. The results showed that road traffic noise from the Nemen膷in臈 highway affects the acoustic quality of the study area, especially at night. Individual noise reduction measures reduced noise levels to some extent, but the greatest improvement was achieved in scenarios involving a noise barrier. The assessment of the impact on residents and the DALYs confirmed that the implementation of noise reduction measures can reduce both the number of residents exposed to noise and the projected health burden associated with road traffic noise.

艩iame magistro darbe atliekamas akustin臈s aplinkos vertinimas miesto erdv臈je, akcentuojant garso, erdv臈s ir 啪mogaus suvokimo s膮veik膮. Tyrimo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti Vilniaus Bernardin懦 sodo garso peiza啪膮, derinant objektyvius triuk拧mo matavimus su sodo lankytoj懦 subjektyviais vertinimais. Pirmoje dalyje pateikiama mokslin臈s literat奴ros apie aplinkos triuk拧m膮, garso peiza啪o s膮vok膮 ir jos poveik寞 啪moni懦 gerovei bei gyvenimo kokybei ap啪valga. Joje taip pat apra拧omi akustin臈s aplinkos vertinimo metodai, 寞skaitant tiek fizinius matavimus, tiek suvokimu grind啪iamus metodus. Antrajame skyriuje apra拧oma tyrimo metodika, 寞skaitant matavimo vietas, duomen懦 rinkimo proced奴ras ir anketos parengim膮. Triuk拧mo matavimai buvo atliekami naudojant garso lygio matuokl寞 寞vairiu paros metu, darbo dienomis ir savaitgaliais, atliekant pakartotinius matavimus, siekiant u啪tikrinti duomen懦 patikimum膮. Tre膷iajame skyriuje pateikiami tyrimo rezultatai, 寞skaitant garso lygi懦 analiz臋, j懦 erdvinius ir laiko poky膷ius, taip pat anketos duomenis. Rezultatai aptariami atsi啪velgiant 寞 寞vairi懦 garso 拧altini懦 poveik寞 啪mogaus suvokimui. Darbas susideda i拧 拧i懦 pagrindini懦 dali懦: literat奴ros ap啪valga, metodika, rezultatai, i拧vados ir rekomendacijos. Darbo apimtis: 48 puslapiai, skai膷iuojant nuo 寞vado iki literat奴ros s膮ra拧o, 34 paveikslai, 15 lenteli懦 ir 60 nuorod懦.

In this master thesis, the assessment of the acoustic environment in an urban setting is conducted, emphasizing the interaction between sound, space, and human perception. The aim of the study is to evaluate the soundscape of Bernardine Garden in Vilnius by combining objective noise measurements with subjective evaluations of garden visitors. The first chapter presents a review of scientific literature on environmental noise, the concept of soundscape, and their impact on human well-being and quality of life. It also discusses methods for assessing the acoustic environment, including both physical measurements and perception-based approaches. The second chapter descries the research methodology, including measurement locations, data collection procedures, and survey design. Noise measurements were carried out using a sound level meter at different times of the day, during weekdays and weekend, with repeated measurements performed to ensure data reliability. The third chapter presents the results of the study, including the analysis of sound levels, their spatial and temporal variations, and survey data. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of different sound sources on human perception. The thesis consists of main parts: literature review, methodology, results, conclusions and recommendations. Volume of the thesis: 48 pages counting from introduction to references, 34 figure, 15 tables and 60 references.

Baigiamajame bakalauro darbe nagrin臈jamas aplinkosaugini懦 priemoni懦 diegimas plastiko perdirbimo ir pakuo膷i懦 gamybos akcin臈je bendrov臈je 鈥濸lasta鈥�. Darbo tikslas - i拧analizuoti AB 鈥濸lasta鈥� esam膮 寞mon臈s situacij膮, vykdom膮 veikl膮, 寞vertinti 拧ios 寞mon臈s poveik寞 aplinkai, pasi奴lyti pritaikyti efektyvius aplinkosauginius 寞renginius 寞mon臈s aplinkosaugin臈s b奴kl臈s gerinimui. Pirmajame skyriuje pateikta 寞mon臈s gamybos bei technologini懦 proces懦 analiz臈. Antrajame skyriuje ap啪velgtas gamyklos poveikis aplinkai, i拧keltos pagrindin臈s darbo problemos: oro tar拧a kietosiomis dalel臈mis, lakiaisiais organiniais junginiais, nemaloniais kvapais pasi啪ymin膷i懦 ter拧al懦 sklaida bei susidaran膷ios atliekos. Tre膷iajame skyriuje pateikiamas geriausi懦 prieinam懦 gamybos b奴d懦 taikymas plastiko pramon臈je bei galimos priemon臈s spr臋sti oro tar拧os problemas. Ketvirtajame skyriuje projektuojamos 寞monei si奴lomos in啪inerin臈s oro valymo sistemos: adsorberis - laki懦j懦 organini懦 jungini懦 ir kvap懦 拧alinimui; rankovinis filtras - smulki懦 plastiko daleli懦 sugaudymui; ciklonas - stambesni懦 daleli懦 atskyrimui. Penktajame skyriuje atliekami AB 鈥濸lasta鈥� aplinkosaugini懦 ir ekonomini懦 mokes膷i懦 u啪 aplinkos tar拧膮 skai膷iavimai, taip pat 寞vertinamas projektuojam懦 aplinkosaugini懦 寞rengini懦 ekonominis naudingumas. Darb膮 sudaro 9 dalys: 寞vadas, bendrosios 啪inios apie AB 鈥濸lasta鈥�, vykdomos veiklos poveikis aplinkai, geriausi懦 prieinam懦 gamybos b奴d懦 taikymas plastiko pramon臈je, aplinkosaugini懦 寞rengini懦 skai膷iavimas ir projektavimas, aplinkosaugini懦-ekonomini懦 mokes膷i懦 skai膷iavimas, i拧vados, rekomendacijos, naudotos literat奴ros s膮ra拧as, grafin臈 dalis. I拧nagrin臈jus 寞mon臈s veiklos poveik寞 aplinkai bei pasi奴lius galimus esam懦 problem懦 sprendimus, pateiktos baigiamojo darbo i拧vados ir rekomendacijos, naudotos literat奴ros s膮ra拧as. Darbo apimtis - 79 p. teksto be pried懦, 14 iliustracij懦, 13 lenteli懦, 52 bibliografiniai 拧altiniai, 6 grafin臈s dalies br臈啪iniai.

This Bachelor鈥檚 thesis examines the implementation of environmental measures in the stock company "Plasta," which specializes in plastic recycling and packaging production. The objective of the work is to analyze the current situation and activities of SC "Plasta," evaluate the company's environmental impact, and propose the implementation of effective environmental equipment to improve the company's environmental performance. The first chapter provides an analysis of the company's production and technological processes. The second chapter reviews the plant's environmental impact and identifies the primary problems: air pollution by particulate matter and volatile organic compounds, the dispersion of odorous pollutants, and waste generation. The third chapter presents the application of Best Available Techniques in the plastic industry and potential measures to address air pollution issues. The fourth chapter details the design of proposed engineering air treatment technologies: an adsorber for removing volatile organic compounds and odors; a baghouse filter for collecting fine plastic particles; and a cyclone for removing bigger particles. The fifth chapter includes calculations of environmental and economic taxes for pollution at SC "Plasta," as well as an assessment of the economic benefits provided by the designed equipment. The work consists of 9 parts: introduction, general information about SC "Plasta," environmental impact of activities, application of best available techniques in the plastic industry, calculation and design of environmental equipment, calculation of environmental-economic taxes, conclusions, recommendations, list of references, and graphic part. Following the analysis of the company's environmental impact and the proposal of solutions to identified problems, the thesis provides conclusions, recommendations, and a list of references. Aim of the work: 79 pages of text (excluding appendices), 14 illustrations, 13 tables, 52 bibliographic sources, 6 drawings in the graphic part.