黑料不打烊

艩iame magistro darbe atliekamas akustin臈s aplinkos vertinimas miesto erdv臈je, akcentuojant garso, erdv臈s ir 啪mogaus suvokimo s膮veik膮. Tyrimo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti Vilniaus Bernardin懦 sodo garso peiza啪膮, derinant objektyvius triuk拧mo matavimus su sodo lankytoj懦 subjektyviais vertinimais. Pirmoje dalyje pateikiama mokslin臈s literat奴ros apie aplinkos triuk拧m膮, garso peiza啪o s膮vok膮 ir jos poveik寞 啪moni懦 gerovei bei gyvenimo kokybei ap啪valga. Joje taip pat apra拧omi akustin臈s aplinkos vertinimo metodai, 寞skaitant tiek fizinius matavimus, tiek suvokimu grind啪iamus metodus. Antrajame skyriuje apra拧oma tyrimo metodika, 寞skaitant matavimo vietas, duomen懦 rinkimo proced奴ras ir anketos parengim膮. Triuk拧mo matavimai buvo atliekami naudojant garso lygio matuokl寞 寞vairiu paros metu, darbo dienomis ir savaitgaliais, atliekant pakartotinius matavimus, siekiant u啪tikrinti duomen懦 patikimum膮. Tre膷iajame skyriuje pateikiami tyrimo rezultatai, 寞skaitant garso lygi懦 analiz臋, j懦 erdvinius ir laiko poky膷ius, taip pat anketos duomenis. Rezultatai aptariami atsi啪velgiant 寞 寞vairi懦 garso 拧altini懦 poveik寞 啪mogaus suvokimui. Darbas susideda i拧 拧i懦 pagrindini懦 dali懦: literat奴ros ap啪valga, metodika, rezultatai, i拧vados ir rekomendacijos. Darbo apimtis: 48 puslapiai, skai膷iuojant nuo 寞vado iki literat奴ros s膮ra拧o, 34 paveikslai, 15 lenteli懦 ir 60 nuorod懦.

In this master thesis, the assessment of the acoustic environment in an urban setting is conducted, emphasizing the interaction between sound, space, and human perception. The aim of the study is to evaluate the soundscape of Bernardine Garden in Vilnius by combining objective noise measurements with subjective evaluations of garden visitors. The first chapter presents a review of scientific literature on environmental noise, the concept of soundscape, and their impact on human well-being and quality of life. It also discusses methods for assessing the acoustic environment, including both physical measurements and perception-based approaches. The second chapter descries the research methodology, including measurement locations, data collection procedures, and survey design. Noise measurements were carried out using a sound level meter at different times of the day, during weekdays and weekend, with repeated measurements performed to ensure data reliability. The third chapter presents the results of the study, including the analysis of sound levels, their spatial and temporal variations, and survey data. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of different sound sources on human perception. The thesis consists of main parts: literature review, methodology, results, conclusions and recommendations. Volume of the thesis: 48 pages counting from introduction to references, 34 figure, 15 tables and 60 references.

Pagrindinis 拧io magistro darbo tikslas 鈥� 寞vertinti 3D atspausdintos 寞krovos, pagamintos i拧 PLA biologi拧kai skaidaus plastiko, geb臈jim膮 拧alinti i拧 oro lakiuosius organinius junginius (LOJ). Oro valymo efektyvumo tyrimai atlikti per 拧lapio tipo skruber寞 su 寞krova leid啪iant trij懦 skirting懦 koncentracij懦 lakiuosius organinius junginius: aceton膮, 1-propanol寞 ir toluen膮. Darbas susideda i拧 trij懦 pagrindini懦 skyri懦. Pirmame skyriuje ap啪velgiama literat奴ra ir apra拧omos skirtingos LOJ 拧alinimo technologijos bei i拧samiai apra拧omi 拧lapio tipo skruberiai su 寞krova, kuri懦 veikimas pagr寞stas ter拧al懦 absorbcija. Taip pat pateikta informacija, kod臈l 拧i technologija buvo pasirinkta 拧iame tyrime. Antrame skyriuje i拧samiai apra拧oma tyrimams taikoma metodika. O tre膷iame skyriuje pateikiami, aptariami ir analizuojami gauti tyrim懦 rezultatai. Tyrim懦 metu nustatyta, kad 3D atspausdintos 寞krovos, pagamintos i拧 PLA biologi拧kai skaidaus plastiko, 寞terpimas suma啪ino oro valymo efektyvum膮. Ta膷iau 寞krovos patobulinimas integruojant 寞 skruber寞 nailonin寞 filtr膮 pagerino oro valymo efektyvum膮. Taikant PLA biologi拧kai skaid懦 plastik膮 buvo pasiektas ma啪esnis oro valymo efektyvumas. Skruberis tik su skysta terpe veik臈 efektyviausiai. Taip pat galima daryti prielaid膮, kad efektyvumo suma啪臈jim膮 gali lemti hidrofobin臈s 寞krovos pavir拧iaus savyb臈s, tod臈l b奴simiems tyrimams patartina toliau keisti 拧i膮 寞krov膮. Darb膮 sudaro: 寞vadas, literat奴ros ap啪valga ir LOJ 拧alinimo technologij懦 analiz臈, 拧lapio tipo skruberio tyrimo metodika naudojant 3D spausdint膮 寞krov膮, pagamint膮 i拧 biologi拧kai skaidaus PLA plastiko, tyrim懦 rezultat懦 ir efektyvumo analiz臈, i拧vados ir rekomendacijos, literat奴ros s膮ra拧as. Darb膮 sudaro 84 puslapiai, 2 priedai, 39 paveikslai, 24 lentel臈s, 51 bibliografiniai 拧altiniai

The main purpose of this master thesis is the evaluation of 3D-printed packing material made of PLA biodegradable plastic ability to increase the removal efficiency of three volatile organic compounds (Acetone, 1-Propanol, and Toluene) of different inlet concentrations using a packed-bed wet scrubber. The work consists of three main chapters. The first chapter reviews the literature and describes the different VOC removal technologies and goes in depth in describing the packed-bed wet scrubbers as a technology based on absorption and why it was chosen in this study. The second chapter describes the methodology followed in this research in detail. And the third and last chapter shows, discusses, and analyses the obtained results. By the end of the research, it was concluded that the adding of the 3D-printed packing material made of PLA biodegradable plastic decreased efficiency. The modification of the packing material by integrating a nylon filter improved efficiency compared to the unmodified packing material by still achieved less performance than the scrubber without any packing material. It was also concluded that the decrease in efficiency might be due to the hydrophobic property of the packing material鈥檚 surface, and further modification of this surface is advised for the upcoming research. The structure of the work is the following: Introduction, Literature review and VOC removal technologies analysis, Research methodology of packed-bed wet scrubber using 3D-printed packing material made of biodegradable PLA plastic, results and efficiency analysis, conclusions and recommendations, and references. The thesis consists of 83 pages, 2 appendices, 39 figures, 24 tables, and 51 bibliographical entries.

艩iame darbe nagrin臈jamos energijos bendruomeni懦 寞gyvendinimo strategijos Latvijoje, daugiausia d臈mesio skiriant vienbu膷iams namams. Neseniai priimtame Ministr懦 kabineto reglamente d臈l energijos bendruomeni懦 nustatytas teisinis energijos bendruomeni懦 pagrindas, leid啪iantis dalytis ne tik elektra, bet ir 拧iluma, ir 寞vesta finansin臈s paramos programa, skirta j懦 pl臈trai palengvinti. Energijos bendruomen臈s Latvijoje dar tik pradedamos 寞gyvendinti. 艩io tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti, kaip 拧iame kontekste gali b奴ti kuriamos energijos bendruomen臈s. Tyrim膮 sudaro teis臈s akt懦 ir literat奴ros ap啪valga bei energetinis modeliavimas. Pastat懦 energijos paslaugos buvo modeliuojamos naudojant IDA ICE programin臋 寞rang膮, o buitini懦 prietais懦 apkrovos modeliuojama naudojant LoadProfileGenerator. Buvo palyginti keli atsinaujinan膷iosios energijos scenarijai, kuri懦 kiekvienas buvo vertinamas pagal tokius rodiklius kaip pirmin臈 energija, i拧metamas CO2 emisijos, grynoji dabartin臈 vert臈 (NPV) ir vidin臈 gr膮啪os norma (IRR). Rezultatai rodo, kad bendros sistemos pagerina savosios elektros sunaudojimo rodiklius ir suma啪ina sistem懦 s膮naudas, jei laikomasi politikos rekomendacij懦. 艩ilumos siurbli懦 ir fotovoltini懦 (PV) sistem懦 integravimas suma啪ina pirmin臈s energijos suvartojim膮 ir CO2 emisij膮. Disertacij膮 sudaro literat奴ros ap啪valga, metodika, pastato energijos modeliavimas, elektros apkrovos modeliavimas, scenarij懦 palyginimas ir i拧vados.

The work investigates energy community implementation strategies in Latvia, focusing on single-family homes. The recently adopted Cabinet of Ministers' Regulation on energy communities establishes a legal framework for energy communities, allowing not only electricity but also heat sharing, and introducing financial support programme to facilitate their development. The implementation of energy communities in Latvia is still at their early stage. The aim of this study is to determine how energy communities can be established in this context. The study consists of a legislative and literature review and energy modelling. The energy services of the buildings were modelled using the IDA ICE software and the household appliance load were simulated using LoadProfileGenerator. Several renewable energy scenarios were compared, where for each scenario was assessed based on indicators such as primary energy, CO2 emissions, net present value (NPV) and internal return rete (IRR). The results show that shared systems improve self-consumption rates and reduces systems costs if the policy recommendations are met. Heat pump and photovoltaic (PV) system integration reduces primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The thesis consists of literature review, methodology, building energy simulations, electricity load simulation, scenario comparison and conclusions.

Baigiamajame bakalauro darbe suprojektuoti miesto vandentiekio ir nuotek懦 tinklai, bei vandens ruo拧imo 寞renginiai. Darbui atlikti buvo pateikta reali toponuotrauka, su dalies miesto situacija. Vandentiekio tinklo hidraulinis skai膷iavimas buvo atliekamas WaterCad programa, atliekant kritini懦 situacij懦 analiz臋, parinkti siurbliai miesto apr奴pinimui vandeniu. Atlikti nuotakyno projektavimas ir skai膷iavimai, bei nuotek懦 siurblini懦 projektavimas. Pagal pateiktus po啪eminio vandens u啪ter拧tumus ir apskai膷iuotus vandens poreikius buvo suprojektuoti vandens ruo拧imo 寞renginiai, parinkta in啪inerin臈 寞ranga. Darb膮 sudaro 10 dalys: ai拧kinamasis ra拧tas, literat奴ros ap啪valga, vandens kieki懦 skai膷iavimas, hidraulinio vandens modelio sudarymas, nuotek懦 tinklo hidrauliniai skai膷iavimai, nuotek懦 siurblini懦 projektavimas, vandens ruo拧yklos projektavimas, i拧vados, rekomendacijos, literat奴ros s膮ra拧as. Darbo apimtis 鈥� 51 p. teksto be pried懦, 40 iliustr., 12 lent., 24 bibliografiniai 拧altiniai, 6 br臈啪iniai.

In the final bachelor's thesis, the city's water supply and sewage networks, as well as water treatment facilities, were designed. A real topographic photograph was provided for the work, with a partial city situation. The hydraulic calculation of the water supply network was performed using the WaterCad program, and pumps for the city's water supply were selected after performing an analysis of critical situations. The design and calculations of the sewer networks and the design of wastewater pumping stations were performed. According to the presented groundwater contamination and calculated water needs, water treatment facilities were designed, and engineering equipment was selected. The work consists of 10 parts: explanatory note, literature review, calculation of water quantities, creation of a hydraulic water model, hydraulic calculations of the wastewater network, design of wastewater pumping stations, design of a water treatment plant, conclusions, recommendations, and references. The scope of the work is 51 pages of text without appendices, 40 illustrations, 12 tables, 24 bibliographical sources, 6 drawings.

艩iuo metu spar膷iai did臈ja klimato kaita, kuri turi 寞takos mums ir Europos klimato neutralumo tikslams bei tvarumo sistemai, kaip gyventi darnoje su aplinka ir galvoti apie ateit寞, kad gal臈tume vystytis ir tobul臈ti. Straipsnyje nagrin臈jamos tvarumo vertinimo metodikos Latvijoje ir Europoje. Metodikos dalyje i拧samiai nagrin臈jamos dvi vertinimo metodikos, lyginamos j懦 stipriosios ir silpnosios pus臈s. Viena i拧 vertinam懦 metodik懦 - Latvijoje sukurta nauja energijos vartojimo efektyvumo kampanija 鈥濫nergovienoti鈥� - metodika, kuria siekiama motyvuoti vartotojus ma啪inti energijos suvartojim膮, gaunant energijos vartojimo 啪enkl膮, jei pasiekiamas u啪sibr臈啪tas tikslas. O kita metodika - BREEAM, pagal kuri膮 vertinamas pastatas. Pagal 拧i膮 metodik膮 analizuojami keli skyriai, daugiausia d臈mesio skiriant aplinkosauginiams ir techniniams veiksniams, taip pat socialiniams aspektams. Kampanija 鈥濫nergovienoti鈥� yra naujai sukurta metodika, tod臈l nagrin臈jama, kaip skatinti 拧ios metodikos diegim膮, rengiant rekomendacijas po konkretaus pastato analiz臈s, pokalbio su pastato valdytoju ir literat奴ros ap啪valgos. Atsi啪velgiant 寞 BREEAM metodikos analiz臋, buvo 寞vertinta esamo pastato b奴kl臈, kuri galima, jei nebus atliekami jokie patobulinimai, atsi啪velgiant 寞 tai, kad pastatas, kaip ir dauguma Latvijos pastat懦, buvo pastatytas XX a. Tvarumo po啪i奴riu patvirtinta, kad pagal BREEAM metodik膮 pastatas gauna 啪em膮 寞vertinim膮 ir kad tvarumo lygiui pagerinti reikalingos finansin臈s investicijos. Lyginant abi metodikas, daroma i拧vada, kad 鈥濫nergovienoti鈥� orientuota 寞 pastato naudotoj懦 寞pro膷i懦 keitim膮 ir technologij懦 tobulinim膮, siekiant suma啪inti energijos suvartojim膮 pastate, ta膷iau BREEAM, nors ir apima 拧ias nuostatas, taip pat apima aplinkosauginius ir socialinius veiksnius, gerinan膷ius pastato naudotoj懦 gerov臋 ir kitus socialinius aspektus. Disertacij膮 sudaro 11 paveiksl懦 ir 24 lentel臈s bei 43 literat奴ros 拧altiniai.

Nowadays rapidly is increasing climate change that affects us and the European climate neutrality goals and sustainability framework, how to live in harmony with the environment and think about the future in order to develop and improve. The paper examines sustainability assessment methodologies in Latvia and Europe. The methodology section examines two assessment methodologies in depth, comparing their strengths and weaknesses. One of the methodologies evaluated is the new energy efficiency campaign 鈥淓nergovienoti鈥�, a methodology developed in Latvia which aims to motivate users to reduce energy consumption by receiving an energy labeling if the target is met. And the other methodology is BREEAM, on the basis of which the building is assessed. This methodology analyses several sections, focusing on environmental and technical factors, as well as social aspects. The 鈥淓nergovienoti鈥� campaign is a newly developed methodology, so it is being explored how to promote the implementation of this methodology by developing recommendations following an analysis of the building in question and an interview with the building manager and literature review. Taking into account the BREEAM methodology analysis, the condition of the existing building was assessed, which is possible if no improvements are made, given that it was built in the 20th century, like most of the buildings in Latvia. In terms of sustainability, it is confirmed that the building achieves low rating according to the BREEAM methodology and that financial investments are needed to improve the sustainability level. Comparing the two methodologies, it is concluded that 鈥淓nergovienoti鈥� focuses on changing the habits of building users and improving technologies to reduce the energy consumption of the building, but BREEAM, while including these provisions, also includes environmental and social factors that improve well-being of building users and other social aspects. The thesis consists of 11 figures and 24 tables and 43 literature sources.

Magistro darbe 鈥濬iltr懦 u啪pild懦, sudaryt懦 i拧 gamtini懦 ar perdirbt懦 med啪iag懦, gebos 拧alinti i拧 nuotek懦 fosforo junginius, tyrimai ir analiz臈鈥� nagrin臈jamas aktualus aplinkosaugos klausimas 鈥� perteklinio fosforo pa拧alinimas i拧 nuotek懦, siekiant suma啪inti eutrofikacijos poveik寞 pavir拧iniams vandens telkiniams. Tyrimo tikslas 鈥� i拧tirti 寞vairi懦 gele啪ies turin膷i懦 sorbent懦 efektyvum膮 fosforo jungini懦 拧alinimui i拧 biologiniu b奴du jau i拧valyt懦 nuotek懦. Darbo teorin臈je dalyje analizuojama fosforo reik拧m臈 ekosistemoms, galimi 拧alinimo metodai ir sorbent懦 tipai. Eksperimentin臈 dalis atlikta taikant trij懦 kolon臈li懦 stend膮 su skirtingais u啪pildais, nuotekos buvo filtruojamos ir analizuojama PO4-P koncentracijos kaita. Gauti rezultatai parod臈, kad plieno dro啪l臈s pasi啪ymi did啪iausiu efektyvumu, ta膷iau joms reikalingas aktyvavimo laikotarpis. Tyrimo rezultatai prisideda prie tvaresni懦 nuotek懦 valymo technologij懦 pl臈tros bei fosforo resurs懦 tausojimo.

The master's thesis "Research and analysis of the ability of filter fillers made of natural or recycled materials to remove phosphorus compounds from wastewater" examines a relevant environmental issue - the removal of excess phosphorus from wastewater in order to reduce the impact of eutrophication on surface water bodies. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of various iron-containing sorbents for the removal of phosphorus compounds from wastewater that has already been treated biologically. The theoretical part of the work analyzes the significance of phosphorus for ecosystems, possible removal methods and types of sorbents. The experimental part was carried out using a three-column stand with different fillers, wastewater was filtered and the change in PO4-P concentration was analyzed. The results obtained showed that steel chips are characterized by the highest efficiency, but they require an activation period. The results of the study contribute to the development of more sustainable wastewater treatment technologies and the conservation of phosphorus resources.

Magistro darbe 鈥濱ntegruotos Geografin臈s Informacin臈s Sistemos Ir Gyvenimo Ciklo Vertinimo Metodas Durpyn懦 Atk奴rimo Strategijoms Analizuoti鈥� buvo atliktas nusausint懦 durpyn懦 valymo strategij懦 poveikio aplinkai vertinimas. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas 鈥� parengti i拧sam懦 emisij懦 vertinim膮, apimant寞 寞vairius parametrus, svarbius technologij懦 diegimui ar lauko apdorojimui. Tikslas 鈥� nustatyti, kuris i拧 pasirinkt懦 valymo scenarij懦 turi did啪iausi膮 poveik寞, o kuris 鈥� ma啪iausi膮 ir prisideda prie emisij懦 kaupimo. Magistro darbe buvo naudojami 寞vair奴s duomen懦 analiz臈s metodai kartu su dviem skirtingomis kompiuterin臈mis programomis. Rengiant darb膮 buvo 寞gyti nauji 寞g奴d啪iai, kurie buvo panaudoti i拧samiai emisij懦 analizei parengti. Rengiant magistro darb膮, autorius parodo, kad galima derinti skirting膮 programin臋 寞rang膮, siekiant nustatyti skirting懦 valymo scenarij懦 poveik寞 aplinkai, taip pat nustatyti scenarijus, kurie tur臈t懦 寞takos emisij懦 ma啪inimo tikslui. Magistro darbas susideda i拧 寞vado, literat奴ros ap啪valgos, metodologijos, rezultat懦 ir i拧vad懦 skyri懦. 漠vade apra拧oma nagrin臈jama problema, hipotez臈, magistro darbo naujumas, tikslas, praktin臈 tyrimo reik拧m臈 ir tolesni懦 tyrim懦 etapai. Literat奴ros ap啪valgoje i拧samiai apra拧oma dabartin臈 situacija, kokie tyrimai jau atlikti ir pateikiama 寞啪valga, koks metodas tinkamiausias tolesniam darbui. Metodologijos skyriuje i拧samiai apra拧oma naudota programin臈 寞ranga ir jos 寞rankiai. Duomenys, kurie buvo naudoti rengiant magistro darb膮, ir prielaidos, galin膷ios tur臈ti 寞takos duomen懦 apdorojimui. Rezultat懦 skyriuje apra拧omi gauti rezultatai, interpretuojami duomenys ir paai拧kinami galimi duomen懦 minimumai ir maksimumai. I拧vad懦 skyriuje pateikiama strukt奴rizuota apdorotos informacijos ir gaut懦 rezultat懦 santrauka. Magistro darb膮 sudaro 101 puslapiai, 43 paveikslai, 15 pried懦 ir 3 lentel臈s.

In master鈥檚 thesis 鈥淚ntegrated Geographical Information Systems and Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Analyzing Peatland Remediation Strategies鈥�, an assessment was carried out on the environmental impact of the remediation strategies of drained peatland. The main goal of the thesis is to develop a comprehensive emission assessment that includes various parameters that are important for the installation of technologies or field treatment. The aim is to determine which of the selected remediation scenarios has the largest impact and which of the scenarios has the lowest impact and contributes to the emission sequestration. In the master鈥檚 thesis various data analysis methods were used along with two different computer programs. During the development of the thesis new skills were acquired, which were used to develop a comprehensive emission analysis. During the development of the master鈥檚 thesis, the author demonstrates that it is possible to combine different software to determine the environmental impact of different remediation scenarios, as well as determine scenarios that would have an impact on the emission reduction goal. The master鈥檚 thesis consists of introduction, literature review, methodology, result and conclusion sections. The introduction describes the problem that was considered, the hypothesis, the master鈥檚 thesis novelty, the goal, the practical significance of the research and the stages of further research. The literature review describes in detail what is the current situation, what research has already been carried out and provides insight in what the most suitable method for further work could be. The methodology section describes in detail the used software and their tools. The data that was used during the development of the master鈥檚 thesis and the assumptions made which could affect the data processing. The results section describes the obtained results, interprets the data and explains possible minimums and maximums in the data. The conclusions chapter provides a structured summary of the processed information and the obtained results. T

沤em臈s 奴kis yra viena svarbiausi懦 priemoni懦, skatinan膷i懦 ekonomikos pl臈tr膮 ir kaimo vietovi懦 potencialo panaudojim膮. Tai 奴kio 拧aka, kurioje daugiausia d臈mesio skiriama maisto produkt懦 ir kit懦 verting懦 啪aliav懦, toki懦 kaip oda ir pana拧iai, gamybai. 艩ie i拧tekliai yra itin svarb奴s ir laikui b臈gant j懦 poreikis tik did臈s. 艩io darbo tikslas 鈥� sukurti veiklos rodiklius ir 寞vertinti skirting懦 anglies dioksido 奴kininkavimo praktik懦 taikym膮. Pagrindiniai darbo u啪daviniai: atlikti literat奴ros analiz臋 apie anglies dioksido 奴kininkavim膮; sukurti sistemin臋 ap啪valg膮 taikant PRISMA metod膮; remiantis PRISMA metodo rezultatais, sukurti veiklos rodiklius; atlikti TOPSIS analiz臋, siekiant palyginti skirtingas anglies dioksido 奴kininkavimo praktikas. Siekiant pasiekti darbo tiksl膮, buvo atlikta tikslin臈 PRISMA literat奴ros ap啪valga, kurios pagrindu sukurti 30 pagrindini懦 veiklos rodikli懦, apiman膷i懦 technologinius, ekonominius, geografinius, socialinius, aplinkosauginius ir klimato aspektus. Rodikliai buvo nustatyti 12 anglies dioksido 奴kininkavimo praktik懦. Nors i拧 prad啪i懦 buvo svarstomos visos 啪em臈s 奴kio sektoriaus sritys, ta膷iau i拧samiai analizuotas tik vienas sektorius. Surinkti duomenys buvo naudojami TOPSIS analizei, siekiant palyginti pasirinkt膮 anglies dioksido 奴kininkavimo praktik膮. Rezultat懦 jautrumo analizei atlikti buvo taikomi ekspert懦 (pvz., 奴kinink懦, visuomen臈s suinteresuot懦j懦 拧ali懦) svoriai. Atlikus TOPSIS analiz臋, geriausius rezultatus 奴kininkavimo tipo kategorijoje parod臈 nulinis 啪em臈s dirbimas, 寞vertintas pagal dirvo啪emio kokyb臋 ir pas臈li懦 寞vairov臋. Lyginant 拧ias praktikas, rezultatai parod臈, kad geriausi rezultatai buvo gauti vertinant dirvo啪em寞, o pas臈li懦 寞vairov臈 u啪臈m臈 antr膮 viet膮. Skirtumas tarp 拧i懦 rezultat懦 svyravo nuo 0,235, kai svoriai buvo vienodi, ir 0,122, kai svoriai buvo skirtingi. Darbe pateikiami 17 paveiksl懦, 30 lenteli懦 ir 163 literat奴ros 拧altini懦 nuorodos. Magistro darbas parengtas vykdant fundamentini懦 ir taikom懦j懦 tyrim懦 projekt膮 鈥濧nglies 奴kio sertifikavimo sistema: CarbFarmS鈥�, projekto Nr. lzp-2023/1-0055, kur寞 finansuoja Latvijos mokslo taryba.

When looking at agriculture, it is a great way to develop the economy using the territory in rural areas. Agriculture is a branch which mainly focuses on production of food and other valuable materials, such as leather, etc. That way it is a valuable resource, and it will be needed through time. The aim of this paper is to develop performance indicators and assess the use of different carbon farming practices. The main tasks of the work is to: do a literature analysis about multiple topics related to carbon farming; create a systematic review using PRISMA method; develop performance indicators based on the results from PRISMA method; create a TOPSIS analysis, while comparing different carbon farming practices. In order to achieve the goal of the work a PRISMA targeted literature review was conducted, which helped the development of 30 key performance indicators, that include technological, economic, geographical, social, environmental, and climate indicators. The indicators were identified for 12 carbon farming practices, although all areas of the agricultural sector were initially considered, only one sector was analysed in detail. The identified data was used to create a TOPSIS matrix to compare selected carbon farming practices, while using expert weighting (e.g., farmers, public stakeholders) for result sensitivity analysis. After conducting TOPSIS analysis, zero tillage, captured by soils and crop diversity showcased the best results in their farming type category. When comparing these practices, the results showcased that captured by soils had the best results, crop diversity had second best results, where the difference between results varied by 0.235 for equal weights by 0.122 for different weights. The work includes 17 figures, 30 tables and 163 references to literature sources. The Master Thesis was developed within the framework of the Fundamental and Applied Research Project 鈥淐arbon farming Certification system: The transition towards result-based agriculture sector (CarbFarmS)鈥�, project No. lzp-2023/1-0055, funded by the Latvian Council of Science

Baigiamajame magistro darbe tiriamas adsorbcijos metodo taikymas chromo jon懦 拧alinimui i拧 u啪ter拧to vandens. Literat奴ros analiz臈s dalyje apra拧oma tar拧a sunkiaisiais metalais, j懦 susidarymo 拧altiniai, poveikis aplinkai ir 啪mogaus sveikatai, j懦 拧alinimo i拧 nuotek懦 metodai, pla膷iau ap啪velgiamas adsorbcijos valymas, adsorbcijos izoterm臈s, adsorbcijos proceso metu naudojami adsorbentai, bei apra拧omos adsorbcijos proceso skaitinio modeliavimo programos. Tyrim懦 metodikos dalyje apra拧oma detali tyrim懦 eiga: pateikiama adsorbcijos tyrimo chromo jon懦 拧alinimui i拧 u啪ter拧to vandens metodika, kuri apima adsorbento (keramzito) vandens 寞gerties, adsorbento piltinio tankio nustatym膮, keturi懦 pagrindini懦 parametr懦: pradin臈s metal懦 koncentracijos, pH, kontaktinio laiko ir adsorbento mas臈s poveik寞 chromo jon懦 拧alinimo efektyvumui i拧 u啪ter拧to vandens, chromo jon懦 adsorbcijos tyrim膮 kolon臈l臈je, chromo jon懦 adsorbcijos tyrim膮 modifikuotu adsorbentu u啪pildytoje kolon臈l臈je ir adsorbento regeneracijos tyrim膮 kolon臈l臈je, atliekami adsorbento鈥搆eramzito savybi懦 nustatymo tyrimai, bei tyrim懦 statistin臈 analiz臈. Pateikiamos tyrim懦 metu naudojamos med啪iagos, priemon臈s, 寞ranga. Rezultat懦 analiz臈s dalyje pateikiami atlikt懦 tyrim懦 gauti rezultatai, j懦 analiz臈 ir palyginimas su kit懦 mokslinink懦 gautais rezultatais. I拧vadose pateikiamos viso darbo i拧vados ir rekomendacijos. Darb膮 sudaro 7 dalys: 寞vadas, literat奴ros analiz臈, tyrim懦 metodika, rezultat懦 analiz臈, i拧vados, literat奴ros s膮ra拧as ir priedai. Darbo apimtis 鈥� 92 p. teksto be pried懦, 32 iliustracij懦, 17 lenteli懦, 137 bibliografiniai 拧altiniai.

The final master's thesis investigates the application of the adsorption method for the removal of chromium ions from contaminated water. The literature analysis part describes heavy metal pollution, sources of their formation, impact on the environment and human health, methods of their removal from wastewater, a more detailed overview of adsorption treatment, adsorption isotherms, adsorbents used during the adsorption process, and describes numerical modeling programs for the adsorption process. The research methodology section describes the detailed research process: the methodology for adsorption studies for the removal of chromium ions from contaminated water is presented, which includes determination of the adsorbent (expanded clay) water absorption, adsorbent bulk density, the effect of four main parameters: initial metal concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent mass on the efficiency of chromium ion removal from contaminated water, chromium ion adsorption studies in a column, chromium ion adsorption studies in a column filled with a modified adsorbent and adsorbent regeneration studies in a column, studies to determine the properties of the adsorbent-expanded clay are performed, as well as statistical analysis of the studies. The materials, tools and equipment used during the studies are presented. The results analysis section presents the results obtained from the conducted studies, their analysis and comparison with the results obtained by other scientists. The conclusions and recommendations of the entire work are presented in the conclusions The work consists of 7 parts: introduction, literature analysis, research methodology, analysis of results, conclusions, references and appendices. The scope of the work is 92 p. text without appendices, 32 illustrations, 17 tables, 137 bibliographical sources.

Lietuvoje vienam gyventojui per metus tenka apie 141 kg maisto atliek懦, kurios tampa reik拧mingu aplinkosauginiu ir socialiniu i拧拧奴kiu d臈l nemaloni懦 kvap懦 sklaidos. Siekiant suma啪inti kvap懦 emisij膮, 拧iame magistro darbe tiriami biologini懦 (probiotik懦) ir chemini懦 (valgomosios sodos) priemoni懦 taikymo b奴dai, taip pat nustatomos kvapus sukelian膷i懦 dujini懦 komponent懦, toki懦 kaip amoniakas ir sieros vandenilis, koncentracijos. Tyrimas atliktas trimis etapais. Pirmajame etape naudojamos keturios maisto atliek懦 r奴拧ys (啪uvis, m臈sa, pieno produktai, vaisiai ir dar啪ov臈s), kurios suskirstytos 寞 kontrolin寞 m臈gin寞 ir m臈ginius su 50 g sodos bei 10 g probiotik懦. I拧 viso paruo拧ta 12 m臈gini懦 5 l talpos buteliuose. Tyrimo trukm臈 鈥� 7 dienos. Antrajame etape naudojamas mi拧ri懦 atliek懦 mi拧inys (po 10 kg), suskirstytas 寞 4 m臈ginius: kontrolin寞 ir su 100 g, 200 g bei 300 g probiotik懦, siekiant nustatyti efektyviausi膮 doz臋 per 5 dien懦 laikotarp寞. Tre膷iajame etape buvo 寞vertintas papildomo probiotik懦 pur拧kimo poveikis tiems patiems m臈giniams po antrojo etapo pabaigos. Kvap懦 intensyvumas vertintas dinamin臈s olfaktometrijos metodu, amoniako koncentracija 鈥� spektrofotometriniu metodu, o sieros vandenilis 鈥� duj懦 analizatoriumi. Tyrimo rezultatai parod臈, kad probiotikai efektyviau ma啪ina kvap懦 i拧siskyrim膮 nei soda, ypa膷 taikant 200 g doz臋 (20 g/kg). Taip pat nustatyta, kad pakartotinis probiotik懦 pur拧kimas dar labiau suma啪ina kvapo intensyvum膮. I拧tirti dujiniai komponentai sudar臈 tik nedidel臋 bendr膮 kvapo dal寞. Darb膮 sudaro: 寞vadas, trys skyriai (literat奴ros analiz臈, tyrimo metodika, tyrimo rezultatai ir analiz臈), i拧vados, rekomendacijos, literat奴ros s膮ra拧as ir priedai. Darbo apimtis 鈥� 68 p. teksto be pried懦, 40 iliustracij懦, 16 lenteli懦, 67 bibliografini懦 拧altini懦.

In Lithuania, one person generates approximately 141 kg of food waste per year, which is becoming a significant environmental and social challenge due to the emission of unpleasant odors. In order to reduce odor emissions, this master鈥檚 thesis investigates the application of biological (probiotics) and chemical (baking soda) measures, as well as determining the concentrations of odor-causing gaseous components, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The research was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, four types of food waste (fish, meat, dairy products, fruits and vegetables) were used, divided into a control sample and samples with 50 g of baking soda and 10 g of probiotics. A total of 12 samples were prepared in 5-liter bottles. The duration of the study was 7 days. In the second stage, a mixture of mixed waste (10 kg each) was used, divided into 4 samples: a control and with 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g of probiotics, in order to determine the most effective dose over a 5-day period. In the third stage, the effect of additional probiotic spraying on the same samples after the end of the second stage was evaluated. Odor intensity was assessed using the dynamic olfactometry method, ammonia concentration was assessed by spectrophotometry, and hydrogen sulfide concentration was assessed using a gas analyzer. The thesis consists of: introduction, three chapters (literature analysis, research methodology, research results and analysis), conclusions, recommendations, list of references and appendices. The scope of the thesis 鈥� 68 pages of text without appendices, 40 illustrations, 16 tables, 67 bibliographical sources.